The CD200-CD200R cross-talk helps Leishmania donovani to down regulate macrophage and CD4CD44 T cells effector functions in an NFκB independent manner.

The lacuna in the knowledge of immunobiology, especially in visceral infections that are fatal if left untreated, are a major hurdle in getting a vaccine candidate for leishmaniasis. Till date, only a few drugs are available to combat human leishmaniasis and a vaccine candidate either prophylactic or preventive is still awaited. Therefore, identification of host and parasitic factors involved in the regulation of specific immune mechanisms are essentially needed.

Association of genetic polymorphism of interleukin-17A & interleukin-17F with susceptibility of psoriasis.

Background & Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. So far studies have confirmed that interleukins, pro-inflammatory factors and T-cell activation play major role in the development of disease. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) a T helper inflammatory cytokine, was found to be positively correlated with severity of psoriasis.

and antidiabetic effect of extracts of , and .

Background: To investigate the antidiabetic effect of Himalayan Medicinal plants from India viz (Family: Meliaceae), (Family: Rutaceae), (Family: Asteraceae) using as well as approaches.

Methods: Their effects were examined on stimulation of glucose uptake by C2C12 cultured cell line, inhibitory effect on human recombinant Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) and followed by the hypoglycaemic activity of extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Results: All prepared extracts had been found to enrich with polyphenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones and saponins type of compounds.

Synthesis of substituted 2-benzo[]indazole-9-carboxylate as a potent antihyperglycemic agent that may act through IRS-1, Akt and GSK-3β pathways.

Based on high throughput screening of our chemical library, we identified two 4,5-dihydro-2-benzo[]indazole derivatives ( and ), which displayed a significant effect on glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Based on these lead molecules, a series of benzo[]indazole derivatives were prepared. Among all the synthesized dihydro-2-benzo[]indazoles, 8-(methylthio)-2-phenyl-6--tolyl-4,5-dihydro-2-benzo[]indazole-9-carboxylate () showed significant glucose uptake stimulation in L6 skeletal muscle cells, even better than lead compounds.

4-Hydroxyisoleucine improves insulin resistance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and act through AMPK and Akt dependent pathway.

4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is an unusual amino acid isolated from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum L). Various studies have shown that it acts as an antidiabetic agent yet its mechanism of action is not clear. We therefore investigated the effect 4-HIL on the high fructose diet fed streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and L6 myotubes.

Bioactivity-guided chemical analysis of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), displaying antidiabetic activity.

One new Euphane-type triterpenoid 3β-hydroxytirucalla-5, 24-dien-21-oic acid (1), and ten known compounds (2-11) were isolated from Melia azedarach L. through bioassay-guided chemical analysis. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic ((1)H, (13)C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and MS spectral analyses.

Aza-annulation on the 16-dehydropregnenolone, via tandem intermolecular aldol process and intramolecular Michael addition.

16-Dehydropregnenolone undergoes a smooth annulation with propan-1-amine and aromatic aldehydes. Several amine derivatives of 16- dehydropregnenolone were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV. The structures of compounds were confirmed by (1)H, (13)C, NMR and mass spectral analysis.