Transgender Women in India: Neocolonialism, Stigmatization and Discrimination.

Stigmatization is a widespread social process that is sustained via the use of social, cultural, economic, and political power, and it has negative outcomes such as discrimination and exclusion. In India, transgender people have historically been called Hijra, Aravanis, and Kothis, and they have struggled since British colonialism against cisgender and heteronormative conventions that label them as outsiders despite their deep pre-colonial cultural origins. This research uses Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model t explore the independence and vulnerability of 45 transgender women living in Sambalpur City, Western Odisha, India.

COVID-19 pandemic and transgender migrant women in India: Socio-economic vulnerability and vaccine hesitancy.

In India, transgender women, often referred to as or remain a marginalized group and encounter interpersonal and structural barriers that subject them to social exclusion, discrimination, lack of access to education and health care, and fewer job opportunities compared with the general population. During the COVID-19 pandemic these disparities were heightened and the livelihood of transgender migrant women were severely hit and disrupted, causing further financial and physical hardship. The present study aims to explore the socio-economic vulnerability faced by these women during the pandemic and the factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy in order to assist government officials and policy makers in the formulation of more inclusive policies for transgender people.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of 12-year-old School Children among Urban and Rural Areas of Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Oral health status has a direct impact on general health, and conversely, general health influences oral health.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess oral health status and treatment needs of 12-year-old school children among urban and rural areas of Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India.

Prevalence of violence against indigenous women victims of human trafficking and its implications on physical injuries and disabilities in Monterrey city, Mexico.

Human trafficking victims suffer different kinds of physical abuse and torture that cause severe physical injuries. During 2016-17 a total of 68 indigenous labor and sex-trafficking women victims were surveyed in Monterrey city, Mexico to explore the prevalence of violence against them and its implications on physical injuries and disabilities. We found that women reported different types of injuries and long term disabilities.

Prevalence of Periodontitis and Soft Tissue Lesions among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: In countries where human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is widespread and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) medications are too expensive, or patients are failing HAART, oral disease management and risk remain an important issue.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and periodontitis among the HIV-positive adult patients and assess the association of these lesions with age, sex, duration of HIV, time on ART, dietary habits, and oral hygiene habits.

Materials And Methods: Sample size was 170.

Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and discrimination faced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected adult patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than 1 year.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 170 adults on ART, reporting to the ART center of the District Civil Hospital, for more than 1 year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India. Convenience sampling technique was followed.

Changing Trends in oral cancer - a global scenario.

Oral cancer is one of the highly prevalent cancers worldwide and a leading cause of mortality in certain regions like South-Central Asia. It is a major public health problem. Late diagnosis, high mortality rates and morbidity are characteristics of the disease worldwide.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among Pregnant Women of Raichur District, India: A Population Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Objectives. Pregnancy can be a risk factor for dental diseases as oral tissues are liable to changes due to hormonal variations. The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among pregnant women of Raichur district, Karnataka, India.