Publications by authors named "Arun Katkar"

Article Synopsis
  • In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation launched a typhoid vaccine campaign aimed at children aged 9 months to 14 years.
  • The study analyzed factors influencing vaccine receipt using statistical methods and found that school enrollment, low household income, and community-level socioeconomic status significantly increased vaccine uptake.
  • The campaign effectively targeted and vaccinated underserved populations, improving access to healthcare among the most vulnerable demographics.
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Typbar-TCV®, a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), was prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017. We evaluated its effectiveness in a mass vaccination program targeting children 9 months to 14 years in Navi Mumbai, India, from September 2018 to July 2020. We compared laboratory-confirmed typhoid cases from six clinical sites with age-matched community controls.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study involved whole-genome sequencing of 174 Typhi and 54 Paratyphi A samples in Navi Mumbai, focusing on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance during a typhoid vaccine rollout.
  • Most of the bacteria showed resistance to fluoroquinolones, with some carrying genetic mutations linked to ceftriaxone resistance, indicating independent evolution of resistant strains.
  • Results revealed two main clades of Typhi in the area, suggesting repeated introductions of the bacteria and a strong correlation between genetic clustering of isolates and their geographical distance, emphasizing the need for better water and sanitation measures alongside vaccination efforts.
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Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC), a local government in Mumbai, India, implemented the first public sector TCV campaign in 2018. This study estimated the delivery costs of this TCV campaign using a Microsoft Excel-based tool based on a micro-costing approach from the government (NMMC) perspective. The campaign's financial (direct expenditures) and economic costs (financial costs plus the monetized value of additional donated or existing items) incremental to the existing immunization program were collected.

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Background: The World Health Organization recommends vaccines for prevention and control of typhoid fever, especially where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid circulates. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) implemented a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) campaign. The campaign targeted all children aged 9 months through 14 years within NMMC boundaries (approximately 320 000 children) over 2 vaccination phases.

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Background: In December 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified the first typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV; Typbar-TCV). While no safety concerns were identified in pre- and postlicensure studies, WHO's Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety recommended robust safety evaluation with large-scale TCV introductions. During July-August 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) launched the world's first public sector TCV introduction.

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Background: Typhoid fever prevention and control efforts are critical in an era of rising antimicrobial resistance among typhoid pathogens. India remains one of the highest typhoid disease burden countries, although a highly efficacious typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017, has been available since 2013. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) introduced TCV into its immunization program, targeting children aged 9 months to 14 years in 11 of 22 areas (Phase 1 campaign).

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