Self-reported history of physical intimate partner violence and longitudinal cognitive performance in midlife women.

Background: Intimate partner violence affects about a third of women in their lifetimes and can result in short- and long-term health consequences, including less favorable performance on measures of cognitive function.

Objectives: We assess whether experiencing physical intimate partner violence in midlife was associated with steeper declines in subsequent tests of cognitive performance.

Design: This study used data from 1713 women in the longitudinal cohort Study of Women's Health Across the Nation to relate baseline information on physical intimate partner violence to declines in scores from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the East Boston Memory Test and the Digit Span Backwards spanning follow-up visits 7 through 15.

Estimating net bone formation relative to resorption using reference bone turnover markers.

Context: Individually, bone resorption or formation markers do not reflect bone balance.

Objective: 1) Combine reference bone resorption (collagen type I C-telopeptide, CTX) and formation (procollagen type I propeptide, PINP) markers to estimate balance by creating a bone balance index (BBI); 2) Examine associations of BBI, CTX, or PINP with bone mineral density (BMD) change.

Design: Mixed effects linear regression quantified associations of BBI, CTX, or PINP with BMD change rate.

Explaining adverse cholesterol levels and distinct gender patterns in an Indonesian population compared with the U.S.

Cardiovascular disease is among the most common causes of death around the world. As rising incomes in low and middle-income countries are accompanied by increased obesity, the burden of disease shifts towards non-communicable diseases, and lower-income settings make up a growing share of cardiovascular disease deaths. Comparative investigation of the roles of body composition, behavioral and socioeconomic factors across countries can shed light on both the biological and social drivers of cardiovascular disease more broadly.

Changes in Collagen Type I C-Telopeptide and Procollagen Type I N-Terminal Propeptide During the Menopause Transition.

Context: Collagen type I C-telopeptide (CTX) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) are reference bone resorption and formation markers, respectively.

Objective: To characterize CTX and PINP trajectories across the menopause transition (MT).

Methods: This 18-year longitudinal analysis of a community-based cohort from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation included 541 women (126 Black, 90 Chinese, 87 Japanese, 238 White) who transitioned from pre- to postmenopause.

Drug Use, Family Support, and Depressive Symptoms Among Latinx Sexual Minority Men: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Family rejection has negative health consequences for Latinx sexual minority men (LSMM). However, LSMM often reconcile with their families, a phenomenon cross-sectional studies miss. We analyzed longitudinal data from the Healthy Young Men's Study in Los Angeles.

Prediabetes and Fracture Risk Among Midlife Women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Importance: Whether prediabetes is associated with fracture is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate whether prediabetes before the menopause transition (MT) is associated with incident fracture during and after the MT.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used data collected between January 6, 1996, and February 28, 2018, in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation cohort study, an ongoing, US-based, multicenter, longitudinal study of the MT in diverse ambulatory women.

The quantity and quality of cardiovascular fat at mid-life and future cognitive performance among women: The SWAN cardiovascular fat ancillary study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular fat is a novel risk factor that may link to dementia. Fat volume and radiodensity are measurements of fat quantity and quality, respectively. Importantly, high fat radiodensity could indicate healthy or adverse metabolic processes.

Leisure time physical activity and bone mineral density preservation during the menopause transition and postmenopause: a longitudinal cohort analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Background: Whether greater leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with less bone mineral density (BMD) loss during the menopause transition (MT) remains an open question. We hypothesized that: 1) larger increases in LTPA from pre-/early perimenopause (period 1) to late perimenopause/postmenopause (period 2) would be associated with a slower period 2 BMD loss rate; and 2) greater entire-study LTPA levels would be associated with better final absolute BMD (g/cm).

Methods: Data were from of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (1996-2017).

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Fractures in Midlife Women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Context: While evidence suggests that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for bone loss and fractures, the potential relation between an inflammatory dietary profile and greater fracture risk is uncertain.

Objective: We examined whether a more inflammatory diet, consumed during pre- and early perimenopause, is associated with more incident fractures starting in the menopause transition (MT) and continuing into postmenopause.

Methods: Dietary inflammatory potential was quantified using 2 energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index scores: one for diet only (E-DII), and one for diet plus supplements (E-DII-S).

Menopause-Related Changes in Body Composition Are Associated With Subsequent Bone Mineral Density and Fractures: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

During the menopause transition (MT), lean mass decreases and fat mass increases. We examined the associations of these body composition changes during the MT (2 years before to 2 years after the final menstrual period) with bone mineral density (BMD) at the end of the MT and fracture after the MT. We included 539 participants from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation who were not taking bone-beneficial or bone-detrimental medications before or during the MT.

Longitudinal associations of insulin resistance with change in bone mineral density in midlife women.

BACKGROUNDThe effects of insulin resistance on bone mineral density (BMD) are unclear.METHODSIn Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) participants, we used multivariable regression to test average insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) and rate of change in insulin resistance as predictors of rate of change in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in 3 stages: premenopause (n = 861), menopause transition (MT) (n = 571), and postmenopause (n = 693). Models controlled for age, average BW, change in BW, cigarette use, race and ethnicity, and study site.

Diurnal dynamic range as index of dysregulation of system dynamics. A cortisol examplar using data from the Study of Midlife in the United States.

We discuss the importance of including measures of dysregulated system dynamics in the operationalization of allostatic load. The concept of allostatic load, as originally proposed by McEwen and Stellar, included dysregulation not only in the resting state of physiological systems, but also in system dynamics. We describe previous work on cortisol diurnal dynamic range (peak to nadir spread) as an index of the health of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with compression of dynamic range being a marker of dysregulation.

Anti-Mullerian Hormone as Predictor of Future and Ongoing Bone Loss During the Menopause Transition.

The menopause transition in women is a period of significant bone loss, with rapid declines in bone mineral density (BMD) commencing a year before the final menstrual period (FMP). Changes in menstrual bleeding patterns cannot reliably tell us if this rapid bone loss has begun or is imminent. We hypothesized that low circulating levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), which decline as women approach the FMP, would be associated with future and ongoing rapid bone loss.

Prediabetes and insulin resistance are associated with lower trabecular bone score (TBS): cross-sectional results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation TBS Study.

Unlabelled: In pre- and early perimenopausal women, prediabetes (with blood glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL) and greater insulin resistance are associated with worse trabecular bone quality (as assessed by trabecular bone score).

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with lower trabecular bone score (TBS) and fracture; less certain is whether the precursor states of prediabetes and increased insulin resistance are also related to adverse bone outcomes. We examined, in women who do not have DM, the associations of glycemic status (prediabetes vs.

On the Biopsychosocial Costs of Alienated Labor.

Data from the national, longitudinal Mid-Life in the US (MIDUS) study were used to examine work alienation and its relationship to biological health as well as psychological and social functioning. The alienation measure focuses on the autonomy and creativity the work provides. We hypothesized that alienated work would have negative associations with each of the three domains: in biology, higher 'allostatic load' (biological dysregulation); in psychology, poorer cognitive performance; and socially, negative impacts on family life.

Associations of Age at Menopause With Postmenopausal Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Women.

Context: Menopause before age 45 is a risk factor for fractures, but menopause occurs at age ≥45 in ~90% of women.

Objective: To determine, in women with menopause at age ≥45, whether (1) years since the final menstrual period (FMP) is more strongly associated with postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD) than chronological age and (2) lower age at FMP is related to more fractures.

Design And Setting: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a longitudinal cohort study of the menopause transition (MT).

Baseline pro-inflammatory gene expression in whole blood is related to adverse long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a case control study.

Background: Age-associated inflammation and immune system dysfunction have been implicated as mechanisms that increase risk for adverse long-term procedural outcomes in older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between baseline inflammatory and innate antiviral gene expression and outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in older adults with severe aortic stenosis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study comparing pre-procedural pro-inflammatory and Type 1 interferon (IFN) gene expression in 48 controls with favorable outcomes (alive 1 year after TAVR with improved quality of life [QoL]) versus 48 individuals with unfavorable outcomes (dead by 1 year or alive at 1 year but with reduced QoL).

Race/ethnic difference in trabecular bone score in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Unlabelled: There was no difference in Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) comparing White and Black women after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and diabetes status. Japanese women had lower TBS than White women. Our results diverge from established differences in fracture rates by race/ethnicity.

Changes in Regional Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Measures Across the Menopause Transition.

Context: The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in regional fat distribution is uncertain.

Objective: To determine whether the MT is associated with the development of central adiposity.

Design: Longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, spanning 1996-2013 (median follow-up 11.

Faster Lumbar Spine Bone Loss in Midlife Predicts Subsequent Fracture Independent of Starting Bone Mineral Density.

Context: Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases rapidly during menopause transition (MT), and continues to decline in postmenopause.

Objective: This work aims to examine whether faster BMD loss during the combined MT and early postmenopause is associated with incident fracture, independent of starting BMD, before the MT.

Methods: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a longitudinal cohort study, included 451 women, initially premenopausal or early perimenopausal, and those transitioned to postmenopause.

Increase in C-Reactive Protein Predicts Increase in Rate of Bone Mineral Density Loss: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

This longitudinal cohort study's aim was to detect whether larger increases in C-reactive protein (CRP) predict greater amounts of subsequent bone loss in women transitioning from premenopause to postmenopause. Participants were initially 42 to 52 years of age and premenopausal or early perimenopausal. The sample included 1431 women who were not using hormone therapy and whose CRP values were not consistent with acute inflammation.

Longitudinal Assessment of Physical Activity and Cognitive Outcomes Among Women at Midlife.

Importance: The increasing prevalence of cognitive decline, impairment, and dementia spurs intense interest in cognitive preservation strategies.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and cognitive performance among women at midlife.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study is an analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Hormones and bone loss across the menopause transition.

The menopause transition is a critical period for bone health in women, with rapid losses in bone mass and strength occurring over an approximately 3-year window bracketing the date of the final menstrual period. The onset of the rapid bone loss phase is preceded by large changes in sex steroid hormones, measurements of which may be clinically useful in predicting the onset of the rapid loss phase and identifying the women who will lose the most bone mass during this rapid bone loss phase. Here we summarize recent and new findings related to the ability of sex hormone levels to (1) determine if a woman in her 5th decade of life is about to enter or has already entered the rapid phase of bone loss, and (2) if she will lose more than the average amount of bone mass over the menopause transition.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life in Persons With and Without Dementia.

Background/objectives: Given the lack of effective pharmacologic strategies to prevent, slow, or reverse dementia progression, maximizing quality of life (QOL) is a major priority for persons living with dementia. Despite well-documented racial/ethnic disparities in dementia incidence and prevalence, it is unknown whether there are racial/ethnic disparities in QOL among persons with dementia. The objective of this study was to determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among persons with and without dementia in a nationally-representative cohort.