A Study on the Psychological Impact on Key Caregivers of Traumatic Brain Injury Versus Non-traumatic Brain Injury in Critically Ill Trauma Patients.

Background: Caregivers of patients admitted in intensive care units may experience acute emotional and psychological stress burden that can manifest as acute psychiatric symptoms and can negatively impact interpersonal relationships and work performance. The aim of this study is to elucidate the socioeconomic burden of trauma and the effect of psychological stress on key caregivers between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and non-TBI patients.

Methods: The study was conducted on 200 caregivers of critically ill trauma patients admitted to the trauma ICU for at least 48 hours and were divided into two groups: Group 1- Patients with TBI with Trauma ICU admission of more than 48 hours and Group 2- Non-TBI patients (chest trauma, abdominal trauma, etc.

COVLIAS 3.0: cloud-based quantized hybrid UNet3+ deep learning for COVID-19 lesion detection in lung computed tomography.

Background And Novelty: When RT-PCR is ineffective in early diagnosis and understanding of COVID-19 severity, Computed Tomography (CT) scans are needed for COVID diagnosis, especially in patients having high ground-glass opacities, consolidations, and crazy paving. Radiologists find the manual method for lesion detection in CT very challenging and tedious. Previously solo deep learning (SDL) was tried but they had low to moderate-level performance.

Exploring the usage of learning resources by medical students in the basic science stage and their effect on academic performance.

Background: The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 is one of the two examinations written after completion of the first two years (basic science stage) of medical school to be eligible to apply for residency training in the USA. A huge number and types of study materials are available to prepare for the exam which might confuse students choosing a resource. We investigated learning resources being used by the third and fifth-semester medical students and their association with academic performance.

Photocatalytic oxygenation of sulfide using solar light and ingenious GQDs@AQ catalyst: Mechanistic and synthetic investigations.

The combination of excellent electronic properties and thermal stability positions orange-derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as promising materials for solar light-based applications. Researchers are actively exploring their potential in fields such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Their abundance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature further contribute to their growing relevance in cutting-edge scientific research.

Morphological Study of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Specimens.

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease which is diagnosed based on well-defined clinical and cytological criteria.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to study cytomorphological features in patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis and compare the findings with other studies. Literature on morphology of multinucleated giant cells was found to be lacking, and this study has focused on the number and morphology of these cells in this study.

Ensemble Deep Learning Derived from Transfer Learning for Classification of COVID-19 Patients on Hybrid Deep-Learning-Based Lung Segmentation: A Data Augmentation and Balancing Framework.

Background And Motivation: Lung computed tomography (CT) techniques are high-resolution and are well adopted in the intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19 disease control classification. Most artificial intelligence (AI) systems do not undergo generalization and are typically overfitted. Such trained AI systems are not practical for clinical settings and therefore do not give accurate results when executed on unseen data sets.

Deep Learning Approaches for Automatic Localization in Medical Images.

Recent revolutionary advances in deep learning (DL) have fueled several breakthrough achievements in various complicated computer vision tasks. The remarkable successes and achievements started in 2012 when deep learning neural networks (DNNs) outperformed the shallow machine learning models on a number of significant benchmarks. Significant advances were made in computer vision by conducting very complex image interpretation tasks with outstanding accuracy.

Spatial and temporal variation of the ambient noise environment of the Sikkim Himalaya.

Ambient noise characteristics are perused to assess the station performance of 27 newly constructed broadband seismic stations across Sikkim Himalaya and adjoining Himalayan foreland basin, installed to study the seismogenesis and subsurface structure of the region. Power spectral densities obtained at each station, compared against the global noise limits, reveal that observed vertical component noise levels are within the defined global limits. However, the horizontal components marginally overshoot the limits due to the tilt effect.

Comparing Standard Setting Methods for Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in a Caribbean Medical School.

Background: OSCE are widely used for assessing clinical skills training in medical schools. Use of traditional pass fail cut off yields wide variations in the results of different cohorts of students. This has led to a growing emphasis on the application of standard setting procedures in OSCEs.

Emerging Pharmaceutical Treatments of Novel COVID-19: A Review.

As a new decade began, COVID-19 quickly gained importance as it became the cause of the current global pandemic. Research has been focusing on studying the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and investigates possible pharmaceutical approaches. With the number of cases increasing every day, globally, multiple drugs are being researched as possible candidates.

Role of Zinc in Mucosal Health and Disease: A Review of Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Processes.

Zinc is an essential trace element of all highly proliferating cells in the human body. It is essential to the development and growth of all organisms. Zinc plays a critical role in modulating resistance to infectious agents and reduces the duration, severity, and risk of diarrheal disease via improved regeneration of intestinal epithelium, improved absorption of water and electrolytes, increased levels of brush border enzymes, and, possibly, an enhancement in the immune response allowing better clearance of pathogens.

Assessment of knowledge and perceptions toward generic medicines among basic science undergraduate medical students at Aruba.

Objective: Use of generic medicines is important to reduce rising health-care costs. Proper knowledge and perception of medical students and doctors toward generic medicines are important. Xavier University School of Medicine in Aruba admits students from the United States, Canada, and other countries to the undergraduate medical (MD) program.

Intraoperative and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes of Cataract Surgery using Phacoemulsification in Eyes with and without Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.

Background: To compare the intraoperative and immediate postoperative behavior and complications in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome with eyes having senile cataract without PEX during cataract surgery using phacoemulsification (PKE).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 68 eyes of 68 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (test) comprised 34 eyes with immature senile cataract with PEX and Group 2 (control) included 34 eyes with immature senile cataract without PEX and any coexisting ocular pathology. Phacoemulsification (modern cataract surgery) was performed on both groups through stop and chop technique and comparative analysis of the incidence of intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications was made.

Student perception about working in rural United States/Canada after graduation: a study in an offshore Caribbean medical school.

Introduction: Rural residents of the United States (US) and Canada face problems in accessing healthcare. International medical graduates (IMGs) play an important role in delivering rural healthcare. IMGs from Caribbean medical schools have the highest proportion of physicians in primary care.

Students' perception of the learning environment at Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba.

Purpose: The learning environment at Xavier University School of Medicine (XUSOM), Aruba has not been previously studied. Hence, the present study was carried out using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) to obtain student perceptions about the learning environment and compare the same among different subgroups of respondents.

Methods: The questionnaire was administered to undergraduate medical students in their first to fifth semester during the first two weeks of June 2013.

Reading habits and attitude toward medical humanities of basic science students in a medical college in Western Nepal.

Background: The Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal, admits students from Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, and other countries to the undergraduate medical course.

Purposes: The present study sought to describe and explore reading habits of medical students during the first three semesters and obtain their views regarding inclusion of medical humanities in the course.

Methods: The authors introduced a voluntary module in medical humanities to the fifth- and sixth-semester students.

Morbidity profile, prescribing patterns and working of the community drug programme in a health post in Western Nepal.

The study was carried out at the Naudanda Health Post over a two-month period (July 15, 2000, to September 15, 2000). The objectives were to obtain information on the demography of patients, morbidity, drug-prescribing patterns and the working of the Community Drug Programme. Acute respiratory infections were the most common illness.

Science attitudes and knowledge among preclinical medical students in Pokhara, Nepal.

Knowledge of science and the scientific method are important in learning about and using evidence-based medicine in practice. Courses in research methodology have been introduced for both medical students and practicing doctors. In Pokhara, the basic science subjects are taught in an integrated manner during the first four semesters of the undergraduate medical course.

Fluoroquinolone utilization among inpatients in a teaching hospital in western Nepal.

Objective: To obtain information on the prescribing patterns of fluoroquinolones among hospitalized patients, other antibiotics and drugs co-prescribed, calculate fluoroquinolone utilization using defined daily dose (DDD), calculate mean cost of drugs and detail the sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms.

Methods: The study was carried out over a five-month period (1st November 2003 to 31st March 2004) at the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Demographic details and duration of hospitalization was noted.

Introduction to medication errors and the error prevention initiatives in a teaching hospital in Western Nepal.

Pharmacotherapy is a complex process and involves interaction of the patient and the healthcare professionals at various levels. Prevention of medication errors is important however, errors may occur even in a carefully monitored healthcare setup. The out comes of the errors may range from mild inconvenience to the patient to even fatal toxic reactions.

Teratogenic effects of 5-fluorouracil on rat brain.

Nine female pregnant rats were treated with single dose (30mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil on 12th day of gestation. Gross defects in developing brain of rat fetuses were observed. 5-Fluorouracil is an antineoplastic drug, which has not been adequately studied.

Student attitudes towards communication skills training in a medical college in Western Nepal.

Context: Previous studies have shown that students have both positive and negative attitudes towards communication skills training. However, studies in Nepal are lacking.

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the positive and negative attitudes of student respondents using the previously validated communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) (see Appendix).