Phytomelatonin maintained chromium toxicity induced oxidative burst in Brassica juncea L. through improving antioxidant system and gene expression.

Chromium (Cr) contamination in soils reduces crop yields and poses a remarkable risk to human and plant system. The main objective of this study was to observe the protective mechanisms of exogenously applied melatonin (Mel- 0.05, 0.

Iris freckle: a distinct entity.

Purpose: To report distinctive clinical and imaging features of iris freckles to differentiate them from iris nevi.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Subjects: 53 patients (277 freckles) with incidental iris freckles and 102 patients (104 nevi) with iris nevi that are either clinically stable or pathologically confirmed.

Choroidal Nevi in Children: Size, Growth, and Topographic Distribution.

Purpose: To explore size, growth, and topographic distribution of choroidal nevi in children to gain insights into choroidal nevogenesis.

Design: Retrospective consecutive case series using pediatric clinic - and population-study data, comparing to adult data.

Methods: Clinical data from Cole Eye Institute (CEI) database (December 2005-January 2023) was derived from a retrospective consecutive case series of 20 children (< 20 years) with choroidal nevi.

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Adenoma: Initial Treatment Outcomes following Episcleral Brachytherapy.

Introduction: We aim to explore the safety and efficacy of episcleral brachytherapy as a primary management option for eyes with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) adenoma.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of the demographic, clinical, ancillary, and postoperative outcome data of patients with RPE adenoma in 2 tertiary referral centers. Tumor regression, final visual acuity, and complications were assessed.

Impression cytology of ocular surface in xeroderma pigmentosum.

Purpose: To describe cellular alterations detected by impression cytology of the ocular surface in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. The secondary objective was to assess the reliability of impression cytology in diagnosing ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Methods: Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum underwent a single-day complete ophthalmological examination and impression cytology for ocular surface evaluation using 13 mm diameter mixed cellulose esters membrane filters and combined staining with Periodic Acid Schiff, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Papanicolaou stains followed by microscopic analysis.

Evaluation of Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum.

Purpose: To assess Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlate with ocular surface changes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. All patients underwent a comprehensive and standardized interview.

Landfill bacteriology: Role in waste bioprocessing elevated landfill gaseselimination and heat management.

This study delves into the critical role of microbial ecosystems in landfills, which are pivotal for handling municipal solid waste (MSW). Within these landfills, a complex interplay of several microorganisms (aerobic/anaerobic bacteria, archaea or methanotrophs), drives the conversion of complex substrates into simplified compounds and complete mineralization into the water, inorganic salts, and gases, including biofuel methane gas. These landfills have dominant biotic and abiotic environments where various bacterial, archaeal, and fungal groups evolve and interact to decompose substrate by enabling hydrolytic, fermentative, and methanogenic processes.

Radiation Optic Neuropathy: Management Options.

Background: Radiation optic neuropathy may be one side effect of ionizing radiation exposure to the eye found in a minority of patients. It is generally devastating for visual function and has been the subject of a small but growing literature with respect to its pathophysiology, treatment, and expected outcomes.

Summary: Clinical features include optic disc edema, peripapillary hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and hard exudates.

Surveillance for Metastasis in High-Risk Uveal Melanoma Patients: Standard versus Enhanced Protocols.

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced surveillance protocols (EP) utilizing high frequency (HF) or enhanced modality (EM) compared to the standard protocol (SP) in detecting metastasis and determining their impact on overall survival (OS) in high-risk uveal melanoma (UM) patients.

Methods: A total of 87 consecutive patients with Class 2 (high risk) primary UM were enrolled, with negative baseline systemic staging. The patients underwent systemic surveillance with either SP (hepatic ultrasonography [US] every 6 months) or EP (either HF [US every 3 months] or EM [incorporation hepatic computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging]) following informed discussion.

Current studies on the degradation of microplastics in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.

Soil and water are two important basic ecosystems for the survival of different organisms. The excessive microplastic pollutants in soil have been directly discharged into the terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastic pollutants (MPs) constitute a ubiquitous global menace due to their durability, flexibility, and tough nature.

Peripheral Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy: Differentiating Features from Choroidal Melanoma.

Introduction: Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is one of the leading mimickers of choroidal melanoma because of overlapping features with choroidal melanoma that make the distinction between these two entities difficult.

Methods: To identify nonoverlapping diagnostic features between PEHCR and choroidal melanoma, a retrospective study of 80 patients (80 eyes); 40 patients (40 eyes) with PEHCR; and 40 patients (40 eyes) with choroidal melanoma was conducted. Ophthalmoscopic and imaging features of PEHCR and choroidal melanoma were compared.

Angiographic Features of Iris Melanocytic Tumors: Nevus versus Melanoma.

Introduction: Determining the nature of iris melanocytic tumors based on clinical exam alone remains challenging. Tumor-associated vasculature of iris melanocytic lesions may facilitate the ability to discern between iris nevus and melanoma.

Methods: In a single-institution, retrospective, observational study of 45 patients with pathologically confirmed iris melanoma and 15 patients with iris nevi that were either clinically stable or pathologically confirmed were included.

Clustering of uveal melanoma: County wide analysis within Ohio.

Purpose: To determine if a greater than expected number of cases (clustering) of uveal melanoma occurred within Ohio for any specific region or time period as compared to others.

Design: Analysis of population database.

Methods: Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System (OCISS) database (2000-2019) was accessed for the diagnosis of uveal melanoma using the International Classification of Disease for Oncology codes: C69.

Uveal melanoma in African Americans: Diagnostic challenges.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is uncommon in African Americans. Owing to its rarity, UM may not be suspected in African Americans leading to delayed diagnosis. In addition, socioeconomic factors may also play a role in delayed diagnosis.

Iris melanoma: Prognostication for metastasis.

Uveal melanoma prognostication studies have mainly included posterior uveal melanomas located in the ciliary body and choroid, often excluding iris melanoma. In this study, we report prognostic status and survival outcomes in a series of 35 patients with biopsy-proven iris melanoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in 10 (29%) cases and 2 (5%) underwent multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.

INTRAVITREAL FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE IMPLANT FOR RADIATION RETINOPATHY: Report of Preliminary Findings.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a 0.18 mg intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide (FA) implant (Yutiq, EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA) as a treatment option for patients with radiation retinopathy-related cystoid macular edema.

Methods: A retrospective review of seven patients treated for uveal melanoma who developed radiation retinopathy-related cystoid macular edema.

Emerging New Therapeutics for Retinoblastoma.

Over the last few decades, chemotherapy has become the main treatment of retinoblastoma, delivered through various routes: intravenous, intra-arterial, and intravitreal. Despite its efficacy, chemotherapy-related toxicity (ocular and systemic) and recurrences due to resistant tumor clones are common, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic agents. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular drivers of Rb1 tumorigenesis and mechanisms of tumor resistance have afforded opportunities to explore novel targets such as the MDMX-p53 pathway (nutlin-3), histone deacetylase inhibitors, spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and genetic and immune modulatory drugs.

Anterior Uveal Melanocytoma: Role of Diagnostic FNAB.

Introduction: Anterior uveal melanocytoma (AUM) pose a diagnostic challenge as they can mimic growing melanomas. Establishing a definitive diagnosis of melanocytoma necessitates cytologic or histopathologic confirmation. We describe the clinical presentation and characteristics of fifteen pathologically proven AUM cases and assess the role of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) as a safe and effective tool for diagnosis.

Critical review on biogeochemical dynamics of mercury (Hg) and its abatement strategies.

Mercury (Hg) is among the naturally occurring heavy metal with elemental, organic, and inorganic distributions in the environment. Being considered a global pollutant, high pools of Hg-emissions ranging from >6000 to 8000 Mg Hg/year get accumulated by the natural and anthropogenic activities in the atmosphere. These toxicants have high persistence, toxicity, and widespread contamination in the soil, water, and air resources.

Melphalan toxicity following treatment of retinoblastoma identified by pattern electroretinogram.

Purpose: To describe a patient with retinoblastoma and subsequent maculopathy unrelated to the tumor but related to intra-arterial melphalan documented by pattern electroretinography.

Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, treatment with intra-arterial chemotherapy and subsequent follow-up including electroretinography to assess for macular dysfunction.

Results: A 3-year-old child was evaluated with electrophysiological investigations following treatment of unilateral Group D retinoblastoma with intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapy with melphalan.