Effects of occupational health promotion interventions on health-related outcomes among employees of small businesses and self-employed individuals: A systematic review.

Background: Compared to workers of larger companies it is less clear what health promoting interventions might be beneficial for employees of small businesses and self-employed individuals.

Objective: Our aim was to critically appraise trials investigating health promotion programs among small business workers and self-employed individuals, by means of a systematic review.

Methods: We conducted a search of primary studies using MEDLINE, Web of Science, LIVIVO and the Cochrane library.

How Effective Is Drinking Natural Mineral Water against Heartburn from Functional Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or Other Causes? A Systematic Review of Clinical Intervention Studies.

Background: For centuries, spring and other natural waters have been recommended as external or internal remedies for numerous diseases. For studies that examined the effects of drinking mineral waters against heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or functional dyspepsia, a systematic review is lacking.

Objectives: The main aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of drinking natural mineral waters on heartburn from various causes by identifying all published intervention studies and critically appraising their methods as well as summarizing their results.

The involvement of model-based but not model-free learning signals during observational reward learning in the absence of choice.

A major open question is whether computational strategies thought to be used during experiential learning, specifically model-based and model-free reinforcement learning, also support observational learning. Furthermore, the question of how observational learning occurs when observers must learn about the value of options from observing outcomes in the absence of choice has not been addressed. In the present study we used a multi-armed bandit task that encouraged human participants to employ both experiential and observational learning while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Dysregulation between emotion and theory of mind networks in borderline personality disorder.

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) commonly display deficits in emotion regulation, but findings in the area of social cognitive (e.g., theory of mind, ToM) capacities have been heterogeneous.

Assessment of competence in surgical skills using functional magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study.

Background: Patient safety is fundamental to modern medical practice; safe surgery saves lives. Ensuring surgical competence is becoming more difficult at a time when surgeons are being trained in fewer hours. Accurate objective assessment of technical skills ability is lacking in standardization.

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with borderline personality disorder: a study of volumetric abnormalities.

Volumetric abnormalities of the hippocampus and frontal cortex are of major interest in the study of borderline personality disorder (BPD). To our knowledge, no study has examined volumetric abnormalities in the hippocampal subregions (head, body, and tail). Our aims were to investigate hippocampal volumetric abnormalities as well as abnormalities in the gray and white matter of the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and anterior cingulate cortex in BPD in a sample of BPD patients compared to healthy controls.

A common neural scale for the subjective pleasantness of different primary rewards.

When an economic decision is taken, it is between goals with different values, and the values must be on the same scale. Here, we used functional MRI to search for a brain region that represents the subjective pleasantness of two different rewards on the same neural scale. We found activity in the ventral prefrontal cortex that correlated with the subjective pleasantness of two fundamentally different rewards, taste in the mouth and warmth on the hand.

How the brain represents the reward value of fat in the mouth.

The palatability and pleasantness of the sensory properties of foods drive food selection and intake and may contribute to overeating and obesity. Oral fat texture can make food palatable and pleasant. To analyze its neural basis, we correlated humans' subjective reports of the pleasantness of the texture and flavor of a high- and low-fat food with a vanilla or strawberry flavor, with neural activations measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging.