Subchondral Cellular Density Decreases with Increasing Grade of Cartilage Degeneration in Knee Osteoarthritis - An Ex vivo Histopathological Analysis.

Introduction: Subchondral milieu has been the region of interest in recent clinical trials demonstrating it as an effective treatment focus in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, a systematic analysis of the subchondral cell population density is lacking in knee OA. Hence, this study aims to analyze the cell population density of the subchondral zone for every stage of cartilage degeneration to analyze the rationale behind this evolving treatment method for knee OA.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Fluoroscopy-guided Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection and Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection for Unilateral L5-S1 Paracentral Discogenic Radicular Pain.

Introduction: Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is one of the key management strategies in the management of discogenic radicular pain. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopy-guided ESI through caudal (cESI) and transforaminal (tfESI) routes for unilateral paracentral L5-S1 discogenic radicular pain.

Materials And Methods: This prospective non-randomized comparative study conducted between January 2023 and January 2024 in a tertiary care hospital included patients presenting with unilateral paracentral L5-S1 discogenic radicular pain who failed 6 weeks of conservative care.