Exosome therapies improve outcome in rodents with ischemic stroke; meta-analysis.

Objective: Exosome therapy has been theorized to be safer, more effective, and less cumbersome in replacing stem cell therapies for tissue repair and regeneration. There remains considerable uncertainty on whether exosome therapy is efficacious and safe for recovery from brain injury due to cerebral infarction. There is growing consensus that systematic reviews of data, from preclinical studies which yielded conflicting and confusing results, can provide valuable directions for novel therapeutic options for several clinical conditions.

A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 outbreak in Indian population.

Background: Presently India is the second most populous country in the world with an estimated population of 1.4 billion people and has recently been affected by COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent mutant viral outbreak. To date, India has administered its population with over 1.

Oscillation result for half-linear delay difference equations of second-order.

In this paper, we obtain the new single-condition criteria for the oscillation of second-order half-linear delay difference equation. Even in the linear case, the sharp result is new and, to our knowledge, improves all previous results. Furthermore, our method has the advantage of being simple to prove, as it relies just on sequentially improved monotonicities of a positive solution.

Short-term Effect of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Techniques on Motor Impairment in Chronic Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Background: In recent years, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown promise for stroke rehabilitation as a novel nonpharmaceutical neuromodulatory intervention with attractive neurophysiological theories backing it up.

Objective: To find out the short-term effects of NIBS techniques on motor impairment in chronic ischemic stroke.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed separately for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and studies that combined both, utilizing various databases for a period spanning from 2001 to 2019.

Recent preclinical study offers a promising clue: Role of regulatory T cells as biomarkers in migraine.

The exact etiology of migraine has not yet been fully understood. There is no specific diagnostic test for migraine and is often misdiagnosed like all other types of headaches. The lack of a diagnostic test is also a significant impediment to migraine management.

Preclinical animal studies in ischemic stroke: Challenges and some solutions.

Despite the impressive efficacies demonstrated in preclinical research, hundreds of potentially neuroprotective drugs have failed to provide effective neuroprotection for ischemic stroke in human clinical trials. Lack of a powerful animal model for human ischemic stroke could be a major reason for the failure to develop successful neuroprotective drugs for ischemic stroke. This review recapitulates the available cerebral ischemia animal models, provides an anatomical comparison of the circle of Willis of each species, and describes the functional assessment tests used in these ischemic stroke models.

Roflumilast: A potential drug for the treatment of cognitive impairment?

Phosphodiesterase-4 regulates the intracellular level of cAMP. Roflumilast, a selective PDE-4 inhibitor was the first agent in this class to have reached the market for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease worldwide. Numerous preclinical evidences indicate the role of PDE-4 inhibitors in reversal of ageing-related alterations induced in animal models by various pharmacological agents, overexpression of mutant forms of human amyloid precursor proteins and in aging, as well.

Outcome of human peripheral nerve repair interventions using conduits: a systematic review.

Background & Objective: Peripheral nerve injury is very common, but repair is a challenging medical problem. Advances in medical sciences and technologies have however made tremendous breakthroughs in understanding repair mechanisms in nerve injury making this a fascinating area in neurotherapeutics. However, a systematic analysis of existing data is lacking, the present study was attempted to review existing literature in nerve repair studies in human beings and analyse outcome systematically.

Reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells in migraine: Is migraine an autoimmune disorder?

Migraine is believed to be a chronic neurological disorder with the exact aetiology being unknown. But, there is a debate on the role of immune dysfunction in migraine pathophysiology. Hence, authors made a debut attempt to explore the link between lymphocyte subset populations and migraine.

Increased incidence of migraine in women correlates with obstetrics and gynaecological surgical procedures.

Migraine is a common chronic neurological disorder; yet no possible aetiology has been identified so far. There is a debate that migraine worsens in women who undergo procedures such as hysterectomy, dilation and curettage (D&C) or cesarean section for delivery. Hence, the present study was attempted to explore the link between procedures like D&C, hysterectomy and cesarean section for delivery and the prevalence of migraine in women.