QSAR, Antimicrobial, and Antiproliferative Study of (/)-2-Thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxanilides.

Owing to the significant contribution of three-dimensional (3D) field-based QSAR toward hit optimization and accurately predicting the activities of small molecules, herein, the 3D-QSAR, in vitro antimicrobial, molecular docking, and pharmacophore modeling studies of all the isolated (/)-2-thioxo-DHPM-5-carboxanilides exhibiting antimicrobial activity were carried out. The screening process was performed using 46 compounds, and the best-scoring model with the top statistical values was considered for bacterial and fungal targets and . As a result of 3D-QSAR analysis, compound -()- and -()-isomers were found to be more potent compared to the standard drugs tetracycline and fluconazole, respectively.

Hyperlipidemia drives tumor growth in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated breast cancer growth.

Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer (BC), yet the specific mechanisms driving this association remain unclear. Dysregulated lipid metabolism has emerged as a key factor in cancer cell biology. While obesity is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, the isolated impact of elevated lipid levels on BC growth has not been experimentally tested.

Investigation and Characterization of Eco-Technological Synthesis of Spherical TiO Nanoparticles from Thalassia hemprichi and Analysis of Biomedical Properties.

In this present investigation, plant-mediated synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO) nanoparticles was synthesized from seagrass (Thalassia hemprichi) using the hot plate combustion method (HPCM). Synthesized TiO nanoparticles optical, functional, structural, and morphology properties were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). SEM analysis confirmed the spherical shape of the TiO nanoparticles were observed in various sizes, viz.

An Investigation on Microplastics at Wastewater Confluence Points in the Southern Coastal Regions of Tamil Nadu, India.

This study investigates microplastic prevalence in wastewater mixing point from major coastal cities in Tamil Nadu, India, highlighting a significant environmental challenge. In January 2023, 16 wastewater samples revealed microplastics (< 5 mm) ranging from 20 to 51 items per litre. Predominant colours were pink, black, brown, white, green, blue, red, and yellow, with orange being the least common.

Predictive Modeling of Osteoarthritis Using Biochemical Markers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deterioration, joint pain, and reduced mobility. This study aimed to quantify the association between specific biochemical markers and OA and to develop a predictive model for assessing OA risk based on these markers.

Materials And Methods: A total of 200 participants (mean age: 55.

International consensus statement on microbiome testing in clinical practice.

There is growing interest in the potential exploitation of the gut microbiome as a diagnostic tool in medicine, but evidence supporting its clinical usefulness is scarce. An increasing number of commercial providers offer direct-to-consumer microbiome diagnostic tests without any consensus on their regulation or any proven value in clinical practice, which could result in considerable waste of individual and health-care resources and potential drawbacks in the clinical management of patients. We convened an international multidisciplinary expert panel to standardise best practices of microbiome testing for clinical implementation, including recommendations on general principles and minimum requirements for their provision, indications, pre-testing protocols, method of analyses, reporting of results, and potential clinical value.

Coffee consumption is associated with intestinal Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus abundance and prevalence across multiple cohorts.

Although diet is a substantial determinant of the human gut microbiome, the interplay between specific foods and microbial community structure remains poorly understood. Coffee is a habitually consumed beverage with established metabolic and health benefits. We previously found that coffee is, among >150 items, the food showing the highest correlation with microbiome components.

Sexual Dimorphism in the Immunometabolic Role of Gpr183 in Mice.

Context: Excessive eating and intake of a Western diet negatively affect the intestinal immune system, resulting in compromised glucose homeostasis and lower gut bacterial diversity. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR183 regulates immune cell migration and intestinal immune response and has been associated with tuberculosis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Objective: We hypothesized that with these implications, GPR183 has an important immunometabolic role and investigated this using a global Gpr183 knockout mouse model.

Fecal microbial load is a major determinant of gut microbiome variation and a confounder for disease associations.

The microbiota in individual habitats differ in both relative composition and absolute abundance. While sequencing approaches determine the relative abundances of taxa and genes, they do not provide information on their absolute abundances. Here, we developed a machine-learning approach to predict fecal microbial loads (microbial cells per gram) solely from relative abundance data.

Improvement of salivary biomarkers vitronectin and fetuin-A levels in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease post scaling and root planing.

Introduction: Two biomarkers that are gaining attention for their roles in the progression of both periodontal and cardiovascular diseases are vitronectin and fetuin-A. This study evaluated vitronectin and fetuin-A expression in saliva samples of periodontitis (P) patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) after scaling and root planing (SRP).

Methods: Sixty patients were divided into three groups: PH + SH (periodontally and systemically healthy), P (stage II/III grade B periodontitis), and P + CAD (periodontitis with CAD).

Lipid droplet-associated proteins in alcohol-associated fatty liver disease: A proteomic approach.

Background: The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is steatosis characterized by deposition of fat in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). While alcohol administration causes a rise in LD numbers in the hepatocytes, little is known regarding their characteristics that allow their accumulation and size to increase. The aim of the present study is to gain insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms by investigating the ethanol-induced changes in hepatic LD proteome as a function of LD size.

Unveiling therapeutic biomarkers and druggable targets in ALS: An integrative microarray analysis, molecular docking, and structural dynamic studies.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Despite extensive research, its precise etiology remains elusive, and early diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of specific tests. This study aimed to identify potential blood-based biomarkers for early ALS detection and monitoring using datasets from whole blood samples (GSE112680) and oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and fibroblasts (GSE87385) obtained from the NCBI-GEO repository.

Recent advancements in small interfering RNA based therapeutic approach on breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common and malignant tumor diagnosed in women, with 2.9 million cases in 2023 and the fifth highest cancer-causing mortality worldwide. Recent developments in targeted therapy options for BC have demonstrated the promising potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based cancer therapeutic approaches.

Green synthesis, characterization and functional validation of bio-transformed selenium nanoparticles.

Selenium, an essential micronutrient with potent anticancer and antioxidant properties, the inorganic form of selenium is highly toxic, while organic and elemental nanoforms are more bioavailable and less toxic and have gained attention owing to their dietary and clinical relevance. This study aims to optimize conditions for the biosynthesis and production of elemental selenium nanoparticles for selenium supplements using marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica CASA CC201. The 10 mM precursor solution treated with 1 % of the algal extract (10:1 ratio of precursor and algal extract, respectively) was shown to be the optimal concentration for synthesizing highly stable selenium nanoparticles with a size of 183 nm and a zeta potential of -38.

GC-MS based metabolomic profiling of Aporosa cardiosperma (Gaertn.) Merr. leaf extracts and evaluating its therapeutic potential.

Aporosa cardiosperma is a plant species majorly found in the Indian Western Ghats that belongs to the phyllanthaceae family with ethnobotanical importance. Using a Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for evaluating leaf extracts of A. cardiosperma, significant functional groups and metabolite constituents were determined, and its total flavonoid, phenol, and tannin content were quantified.

Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein Secreted by Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Promotes Peritumoral Fibrosis.

Unlabelled: Obesity is a modifiable predisposition factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. This suggests a localized, reciprocal interaction between breast cancer cells and the surrounding mammary white adipose tissue. To investigate how breast cancer cells alter the composition and function of adipose tissue, we screened the secretomes of 10 human breast cancer cell lines for the ability to modulate the differentiation of adipocyte stem and progenitor cells.

deficiency modulates the stromal environment in the pretumorigenic rat mammary gland.

Background: Neurofibromin, coded by the tumor suppressor gene, is the main negative regulator of the RAS pathway and is frequently mutated in various cancers. Women with Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1)-a tumor predisposition syndrome caused by a germline mutation-have an increased risk of developing aggressive breast cancer with poorer prognosis. The mechanism by which mutations lead to breast cancer tumorigenesis is not well understood.