Process Mass Intensity (PMI): A Holistic Analysis of Current Peptide Manufacturing Processes Informs Sustainability in Peptide Synthesis.

Small molecule therapeutics represent the majority of the FDA-approved drugs. Yet, many attractive targets are poorly tractable by small molecules, generating a need for new therapeutic modalities. Due to their biocompatibility profile and structural versatility, peptide-based therapeutics are a possible solution.

Assessment of lung involvement using HRCT among vaccinated and non-vaccinated elderly COVID-19 patients admitted in a designated hospital, Tamil Nadu - A retrospective study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is considered one of the most devastating situations globally, the worst affected were the senior citizens. A number of initiatives were carried out to control the COVID-19 pandemic; one such important measure is the development of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent the disease. But the continuous emergence of new SARS-COV2 variants (antigenic drift) and its demographic variation in virulence makes the vaccine's efficacy questionable.

Six-year cumulative treatment effect and treatment efficacy of a dual focus myopia control contact lens.

Purpose: Accumulated axial growth observed during a 6-year clinical trial of a dual focus myopia control contact lens was used to explore different approaches to assess treatment efficacy.

Methods: Axial length measurements from 170 eyes in a 6-year clinical trial of a dual focus myopia control lens (MiSight 1 day, CooperVision) were analysed. Treatment groups comprised one having undergone 6 years of treatment and the other (the initial control group) having 3 years of treatment after 3 years of wearing a single vision control lens.

PVA/PVP Nanofibres Incorporated with Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins Exhibit Excellent Cytocompatibility and Accelerate Hyperglycaemic Wound Healing.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing.

A Review on Electrospun Nanofiber Composites for an Efficient Electrochemical Sensor Applications.

The present review article discusses the elementary concepts of the sensor mechanism and various types of materials used for sensor applications. The electrospinning method is the most comfortable method to prepare the device-like structure by means of forming from the fiber structure. Though there are various materials available for sensors, the important factor is to incorporate the functional group on the surface of the materials.

Bilateral Supernumerary Teeth Presenting as Nasal Masses and Recurrent Rhinitis: An Interesting Case Report.

The presence of a tooth inside the nasal cavity is a rare clinical entity. The exact pathophysiology is not clear and most of the times, these patients present with non-specific symptoms. We encountered a 51-year-old male with symptoms of bilateral recurrent nasal obstruction and nasal discharge of 10 years' duration.

Myopia Control Dose Delivered to Treated Eyes by a Dual-focus Myopia-control Contact Lens.

Purpose: This study examined the optical impact of a DF contact lens during near viewing in a sample of habitual DF lens wearing children.

Methods: Seventeen myopic children aged 14 to 18 years who had completed 3 or 6 years of treatment with a DF contact lens (MiSight 1 Day; CooperVision, Inc., San Ramon, CA) were recruited and fit bilaterally with the DF and a single-vision (Proclear 1 Day; CooperVision, Inc.

Corrigendum: Long-term narrowband lighting influences activity but not intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell-driven pupil responses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.

Emerging Strategies to Improve the Stability and Bioavailability of Insulin: An Update on Formulations and Delivery Approaches.

One of the primary goals of diabetes management is to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range, and insulin plays a vital role in achieving this. All Type 1 DM patients and advanced Type 2 DM patients require insulin. Insulin is administered subcutaneously, which may cause patient discomfort from the use of needles.

Insights into the Design and Electrocatalytic Activity of Magnesium Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxides: Application to Nonenzymatic Catechol Sensor.

The design of an efficient electrocatalyst for effective trace level determinations of noxious synthetic and or biological compounds is the unceasingly noteworthy conceptual approach for rapid technology. In this work, we designed a magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs) nanocatalyst and applied it to the electrocatalytic determination of an extremely carcinogenic catechol sensor. A coprecipitation method was employed for synthesizing the nanocatalyst, and the structure, porous nature, and morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N adsorption-desorption isotherm, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Syndrome Valentino From a De Novo Aetiology - Acute Pancreatitis.

Valentino syndrome is one of the rare classical presentations of duodenal perforation, wherein the leaked contents collect at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen causing local peritonitis and mimicking appendicitis. Here we present a case profile of a 28-year-old gentleman, who presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and mass, which was clinically diagnosed as acute appendicular inflammatory mass. Later with laboratory reports and radiological imaging, he was confirmed to have acute pancreatitis, and actually the peripancreatic fluid collection has tracked down into the right iliac fossa and pelvis to present similar to Valentino syndrome.

Long-term Effect of Dual-focus Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children: A 6-year Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Significance: Treatment of myopic children with a dual-focus soft contact lens (DFCL; MiSight 1 day) produced sustained slowing of myopia progression over a 6-year period. Significant slowing was also observed in children switched from a single vision control to treatment lenses (3 years in each lens).

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DFCLs in sustaining slowed progression of juvenile-onset myopia over a 6-year treatment period and assess myopia progression in children who were switched to a DFCL at the end of year 3.

Comparing low-coherence interferometry and A-scan ultrasonography in measuring ocular axial dimensions in young rhesus monkeys.

We investigated a commercial low-coherence interferometer (LenStar LS 900 optical biometer) in measuring young rhesus monkey ocular dimensions. Ocular biometry data obtained using a LenStar and an A-scan ultrasound instrument (OPT-scan 1000) from 163 rhesus monkeys during 20-348 days of age were compared by means of coefficients of concordance and 95% limits of agreement. Linear regression was employed to examine and analyze the inter-instrument discrepancies.

A review of diabetic wound models-Novel insights into diabetic foot ulcer.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. Many research investigations have been conducted with the aims to uncover the diabetic wound healing mechanisms, develop novel therapeutics, and screen bioactive wound dressings in order to improve the current management of DFU. These would have not been possible without the utilization of an appropriate wound model, especially in a diabetic wound context.

Long-Term Narrowband Lighting Influences Activity but Not Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell-Driven Pupil Responses.

Light affects a variety of non-image forming processes, such as circadian rhythm entrainment and the pupillary light reflex, which are mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of long- and short-wavelength ambient lighting on activity patterns and pupil responses in rhesus monkeys. Infant rhesus monkeys were reared under either broadband "white" light ( = 14), long-wavelength "red" light ( = 20; 630 nm), or short-wavelength "blue" light ( = 21; 465 nm) on a 12-h light/dark cycle starting at 24.

The effects of reduced ambient lighting on lens compensation in infant rhesus monkeys.

Although reduced ambient lighting (~50 lx) does not increase the degree of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in chickens or infant monkeys, it does reduce the probability that monkeys will recover from FDM and that the normal age-dependent reduction in hyperopia will occur in monkeys reared with unrestricted vision. These findings suggest that low ambient lighting levels affect the regulatory mechanism responsible for emmetropization. To study this issue, infant rhesus monkeys (age ~ 24 days) were reared under dim light (55 ± 9 lx) with monocular -3D (dim-light lens-induced myopia, DL-LIM, n = 8) or +3D spectacle lenses (dim-light lens-induced hyperopia, DL-LIH, n = 7) until approximately 150 days of age.

Role of surface-exposed charged basic amino acids (Lys, Arg) and guanidination in insulin on the interaction and stability of insulin-insulin receptor complex.

Naturally occurring proteins are emerging as novel therapeutics in the protein-based biopharmaceutical industry for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. However, proteins are not suitable for oral delivery due to short half-life, reduced physical and chemical stability and low permeability across the membrane. Chemical modification has been identified as a formulation strategy to enhance the stability and bioavailability of protein drugs.

Axial length targets for myopia control.

Purpose: Both emmetropic and myopic eyes elongate throughout childhood. The goals of this study were to compare axial elongation among untreated progressing myopes, progressing myopes treated with a myopia control contact lens and emmetropes, in order to place axial elongation in the context of normal eye growth in emmetropic children, and to consider whether normal physiological eye growth places limits on what might be achieved with myopia control.

Methods: Axial elongation data were taken from the 3-year randomised clinical trial of a myopia control dual-focus (MiSight® 1 day) contact lens.

MicroRNA-432-5p regulates sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in osteosarcoma microenvironment by targeting PDGFB.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone tumor conferred with high metastatic potential. Attainable growth of tumors necessitates functional vasculature mediated by sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA). However, the regulation of IA and SA is still unclear in OS.