How Many Words Does a Picture Really Tell? Cross-sectional Descriptive Study of Pictogram Evaluation by Youth.

Background: Communicating health-related instructions with pictograms is useful, but such graphics can be interpreted in different ways. It is crucial to understand which pictogram components are best for accurate communication.

Objectives: To catalogue pictograms used to label drugs in clinical practice; to identify the common graphic elements for defined categories of pictograms, by performing a semiotic analysis (studying how signs are perceived and how they should be designed); to identify the key graphic elements common to pictograms preferred by users; and to develop suggestions for future pictogram design on the basis of users' input.

Roles of DNA sequence and sigma A factor in transcription of the vraSR operon.

Cell wall damage in Staphylococcus aureus induces a rapid genome-wide response, referred to as the cell wall stress stimulon. This response is mediated by a two-component system, the vancomycin resistance-associated sensor/regulator (VraSR). The response regulator protein VraR is a transcription factor.