Scale-up of hydrothermal processing: Liquid hot water and pilot-scale tubular steam explosion batch reactor for bioethanol production using macroalgae Sargassum spp biomass.

Sargassum spp. is a biomass that can potentially use as an alternative for bioethanol production. Hydrothermal processes (liquid hot water and steam explosion pretreatment) were carried out at different operational conditions.

Polysaccharides Release in a Laboratory-Scale Batch Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Wheat Straw under Rigorous Isothermal Operation.

Hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) is an eco-friendly process for deconstructing lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) that plays a key role in ensuring the profitability of producing biofuels or bioproducts in a biorefinery. At the laboratory scale, HP is usually carried out under non-isothermal regimes with poor temperature control. In contrast, HP is usually carried out under isothermal conditions at the commercial scale.

Functional Nanocarriers for Delivering Itraconazole Against Fungal Intracellular Infections.

Infectious diseases caused by intracellular microorganisms represent a significant challenge in medical care due to interactions among drugs during coinfections and the development of resistance in microorganisms, limiting existing therapies. This work reports on itraconazole (ITZ) encapsulated into functional polymeric nanoparticles for their targeted and controlled release into macrophages to fight intracellular infections. NPs are based on poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers of different compositions, molecular weights, and lactic acid-to-glycolic acid ratios.

Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Drugs against Intracellular Infections.

Polymeric nanocarriers (PNs) have demonstrated to be a promising alternative to treat intracellular infections. They have outstanding performance in delivering antimicrobials intracellularly to reach an adequate dose level and improve their therapeutic efficacy. PNs offer opportunities for preventing unwanted drug interactions and degradation before reaching the target cell of tissue and thus decreasing the development of resistance in microorganisms.

The effect of continuous tubular reactor technologies on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at pilot-scale for bioethanol production.

A pilot-scale continuous tubular reactor (PCTR) was employed for the isothermal pretreatment of agave bagasse (AG), corn stover (CS), sugarcane bagasse (SC), and wheat straw (WS) with three residence times. The objective was to evaluate the impact of this technology on enzymatic saccharification at low solid loadings (4% w/v) and on sequential saccharification and glucose fermentation (SSF) at high solid loading (20% w/v) for bioethanol production. Deformation in cellulose and hemicellulose linkages and xylan removal of up to 60% were achieved after pretreatment.

Energy potential of agricultural residues generated in Mexico and their use for butanol and electricity production under a biorefinery configuration.

In this article, the geographical location and availability of the most important crop residues generated in Mexico over the last 10 years (2008-2017) were determined. This study estimates the gross number of residues for the four most important cultivars in Mexico named conventional residues (CRs) such as corn, wheat, sorghum, and barley, and estimates were also made for regionally important crops identified as nonconventional residues (NCRs) such as coffee, sugarcane, and beans. The total and sustainable energy potentials (TEP and SEP) for agricultural residues were calculated, in similar way the butanol and electricity production potentials were also calculated if these residues were processed under a nonconventional biorefinery scheme; the calculated availability of crop residues was 59,059,666 t/year, thus demonstrating that Mexico could have great potential for bioenergy production.

Engineering aspects of hydrothermal pretreatment: From batch to continuous operation, scale-up and pilot reactor under biorefinery concept.

Different pretreatments strategies have been developed over the years mainly to enhance enzymatic cellulose degradation. In the new biorefinery era, a more holistic view on pretreatment is required to secure optimal use of the whole biomass. Hydrothermal pretreatment technology is regarded as very promising for lignocellulose biomass fractionation biorefinery and to be implemented at the industrial scale for biorefineries of second generation and circular bioeconomy, since it does not require no chemical inputs other than liquid water or steam and heat.

Scale-up and evaluation of hydrothermal pretreatment in isothermal and non-isothermal regimen for bioethanol production using agave bagasse.

The production of tequila in Mexico generates a large amount of agave bagasse per year. However, this biomass can be considered as a potential source for biofuel production. In this study, it is described how the hydrothermal pretreatment was scaled in a bench scale, considering the severity index as a strategy.

From mesophilic to thermophilic conditions: one-step temperature increase improves the methane production of a granular sludge treating agroindustrial effluents.

Objectives: To assess the effect of one-step temperature increase, from 35 to 55 °C, on the methane production of a mesophilic granular sludge (MGS) treating wine vinasses and the effluent of a hydrogenogenic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.

Results: One-step temperature increase from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions improved methane production regardless of the substrate tested. The biomethane potentials obtained under thermophilic conditions were 1.

Multicomponent synthesis of some new (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-dithiocarbamates and their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against CaSki, MDA-MB-231 and SK-Lu-1 tumour cells as apoptosis inducing agents without necrosis.

Identification of a new class of antitumor agent capable to induce apoptosis without triggering necrotic cell death event is challenging. The present communication describes the multicomponent synthesis of seven new (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.

Vertical Osseodistraction with a New Intraosseous Alveolar Distractor Prototype for Dental Implant Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study in Dogs.

Purpose: To evaluate in dogs a newly developed intraosseous alveolar distractor (Mozo-Grau Alveolar Distractor) for vertical bone augmentation to allow placement of dental implants.

Materials And Methods: Four dogs had their posterior teeth removed, and sockets were left to heal for 20 weeks. The right and left sides of the posterior mandibles were randomly allocated, according to a split-mouth design, to receive either two distractors, distracting a 32-mm-long bone segment, or two distractors supporting one bony segment 20 mm long and one 8 mm long.

Chemodiversity Associated with Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Piper aduncum var. ossanum.

Chemical analysis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Piper aduncum var. ossanum from two localities Bauta (EO-B) and Ceiba (EO-C), Artemisa Province, Cuba, were determined. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Sequential pretreatment strategies under mild conditions for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw.

This work studies the sequential execution of dilute sulfuric acid (DAP) (0.1-0.75 %, v/v) and dilute sodium hydroxide (AKP) (0.

The impact of particle size and initial solid loading on thermochemical pretreatment of wheat straw for improving sugar recovery.

This work studies the effect of initial solid load (4-32 %; w/v, DS) and particle size (0.41-50 mm) on monosaccharide yield of wheat straw subjected to dilute H(2)SO(4) (0.75 %, v/v) pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification.

Synthesis, ex vivo and in silico studies of 3-cyano-2-pyridone derivatives with vasorelaxant activity.

An efficient and simple synthesis of 3-cyano-2-pyridone derivatives (6a-f) through 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-one oxidation process is described. A greener method to synthesize 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-one has also been developed by rearranging 4H-pyran (4a-f) derivatives in aqueous medium applying H₂SO₄ as the catalyst source and microwave irradiation. The vasorelaxant activity of 3-cyano-2-pyridone derivatives (6a-f) was proved on isolated thoracic aorta rat rings with and without endothelium (+E and -E, respectively) pre-contracted with noradrenaline (0.

Charge transport mediated by d-orbitals in transition metal complexes.

This communication reports an asymmetric charge transport with a large rectification ratio and finely featured NDR (negative differential resistance) by d-orbitals of a neutral ruthenium(ii) complex with a C(2) axis of symmetry.

Inversion of the rectifying effect in diblock molecular diodes by protonation.

A new molecular diode based on biphenyl-co-bispyrimidine was synthesized and showed a pronounced rectifying effect. Further studies indicate that protonation on the nitrogen atoms of the diode molecule by strong acids can reversibly alter the rectifying direction. This phenomenon can be envisioned as a starting point for single molecule detection devices.

3-Hydroxy fatty acids in saliva as diagnostic markers in chronic periodontitis.

Saturated straight- and branched-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) of 10-18 carbon chain lengths were determined in saliva from 27 individuals with chronic periodontitis and 18 healthy individuals by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Of the 14 different 3-OH FAs detected, 3-OH-C(i17:0) was the most abundant in the periodontitis samples while 3-OH-C(14:0) was the most abundant in the healthy individuals. Considering the relative percentages of 3-OH-C(12:0), 3-OH-C(14:0), 3-OH-C(i17:0), and 3-OH-C(17:0), 95.

Synthesis, optical properties, and growth mechanism of blue-emitting CdSe nanorods.

Blue-emitting, cubic phase CdSe nanorods with an approximate diameter of 2.5 nm and lengths up to 12 nm have been synthesized at low temperature (100 degrees C) in a single surfactant using a single-source molecular precursor. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements indicate that the nanorods are formed from self-assembly of isotropic nanoclusters.