Mass Spectrometric Study of the Most Common Potential Migrants Extractible from the Inner Coatings of Metallic Beverage Cans.

Population exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical- bisphenols, which are used commonly in food containers and drinking water pipes in Europe, is above acceptable health and safety levels, according to updated research data. In order to evaluate the most abundant potential migrants in canned sweetened beverages marketed in Poland, we performed the HPLC-MS screening test of the migrants present in the can coating material. The analyzed samples represented the three top-ranked companies of the global soft drink market; it is reasonable to assume that the obtained data are of global validity.

Analgesic Efficacy of Oxycodone in Postoperative Dressings after Surgical Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the analgesic efficacy of oxycodone at doses of 10 mg and 20 mg in dressings after surgery of burn wounds.

Material And Methods: Twenty adult patients who underwent surgical treatment of third-degree burn wounds under general anaesthesia were included. Burn wounds were treated with dressings, to which oxycodone was added at 20 mg in Group 1 and 10 mg in Group 2.

Severe and Fatal Fentanyl Poisonings from Transdermal Systems after On-Skin and Ingestion Application.

In recent years, the administration of fentanyl (FNTL) implicitly in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) has vastly increased in chronic pain treatment. Non-medical and uncontrolled use of FNTL in TFDS (transdermal fentanyl delivery systems) may reveal toxic effects by the route of exposure, dermal or alternative, by ingestion of patches, and drug release in the stomach. The purpose of this study was to present three different cases of FNTL poisonings, two of which resulted in death due to TFDS abuse.

Causes of Death during the Intravenous Infusion of Dimethylsulphoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Course of Alternative Medicine Therapy.

Unconventional (alternative, natural) medicine in Poland and worldwide includes hundreds of non-scientifically verified "treatment" modalities. Among the most popular are biological therapies using chemical or natural compounds administered with injection or drip infusion. The latter has found the most excellent use in treating rheumatological and dermatological diseases and certain types of cancer.

Enhanced Cytotoxic Activity of PEGylated Curcumin Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure-Activity Evaluation, and Biological Activity.

Curcumin has been modified in various ways to broaden its application in medicine and address its limitations. In this study, we present a series of curcumin-based derivatives obtained by replacing the hydroxy groups in the feruloyl moiety with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains and the addition of the BF moiety to the carbonyl groups. Tested compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity toward two bladder cancer cell lines, 5637 and SCaBER, and a noncancerous cell line derived from lung fibroblasts (MRC-5).

Novel Short PEG Chain-Substituted Porphyrins: Synthesis, Photochemistry, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity against Cancer Cells.

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of metal-free, zinc (II), and cobalt (II) porphyrins substituted with short PEG chains. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, H and C NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The origin of the absorption bands for tested compounds in the UV-Vis range was determined using a computational model based on the electron density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent variant (TD-DFT).

Effects of excessive alcohol drinking on nicotine biotransformation in rats.

Alcohol and nicotine (tobacco smoke) are often used together, and taking both addictive substances is associated with an increased risk of certain diseases. It is extremely important to understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of the interaction between nicotine and ethanol, which are still not fully understood. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of chronic alcohol consumption on nicotine biotransformation in ethanol-preferring and non-preferring male and female rats.

Axitinib Trough Concentration and its Influence on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Second-line Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment.

Introduction: There are known correlations between axitinib exposure and treatment response. The aim of the article was to study relationships between the axitinib steady-state trough concentration and the treatment efficacy and toxicity.

Patients And Methods: 35 patients (24 men and 11 women), treated or initiating treatment with axitinib, were included in the study over the period 2016-2019.

Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Spinal Oxycodone in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of 1 mg and 0.5 mg oxycodone administration in a spinal block procedure for a total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients And Methods: Forty-two THA patients aged 59-81 with American Society Anesthesiology (ASA) II-III were included.

Midazolam and hydroxymidazolam plasma concentrations can be monitored with selected biochemical and physiological parameters of palliative care patients.

Rationale & Objective: Midazolam is one of top three drugs used in palliative care. Its use increases in the last days of hospice patients' lives while safe dosage can be challenging. Equations currently used to estimate glomerular filtration rate, e.

Correction to: Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model.

The original version of this article, published on 30 May 2020 contained a mistake.

Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model.

Purpose: Efficacy of treosulfan, used in the treatment of marrow disorders, depends on the activity of its monoepoxy-(EBDM) and diepoxy compounds. The study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of treosulfan and EBDM in the rat plasma and brain by means of mixed-effects modelling.

Methods: The study had a one-animal-per-sample design and included ninty-six 10-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes.

Clonazolam a new designer benzodiazepine intoxication confirmed by blood concentration.

Background: Recently the number of new psychoactive substances have significantly increased, becoming popular among experienced users of designer drugs. A significant group includes benzodiazepine derivatives, which have not been introduced as medications but are abused by people experimenting with new and classical psychoactive substances.

Case Presentation: The aim of this paper was to present the case of a clonazolam ingestion by a person who was not habituated to benzodiazepines.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of three N-7-guanine adducts of the active epoxides of prodrug treosulfan in DNA in vitro.

Prodrug treosulfan undergoes a pH and temperature-dependent activation to the monoepoxide intermediate (EBDM) and (2S,3S)-1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB). The latter DNA cross-linker is presently believed to mainly account for the pharmacological action of treosulfan. However, neither respective monoadducts nor cross-links have been isolated from treosulfan-treated DNA, and the exact alkylation mechanism of the treosulfan epoxides is unclear.

The degradation of levofloxacin in infusions exposed to daylight with an identification of a degradation product with HPLC-MS.

In this paper the decomposition product of levofloxacin was identified. Levofloxacin was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl, 5% glucose, and Ringer's solution.

N-7-Guanine Adduct of the Active Monoepoxide of Prodrug Treosulfan: First Synthesis, Characterization, and Decomposition Profile Under Physiological Conditions.

(2S,3S)-1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) cross-links DNA guanines by forming the intermediate epoxy-adduct ((2'S,3'S)-N-7-(3',4'-epoxy-2'-hydroxybut-1'-yl)guanine [EHBG]). This process is presently considered a primary mechanism for the action of treosulfan (TREO), the prodrug that transforms to DEB via the monoepoxide intermediate (2S,3S)-1,2-epoxybutane-3,4-diol 4-methanesulfonate (EBDM). In this article, the N-7-guanine adduct of EBDM ((2'S,3'S)-N-7-(2'3'-dihydroxy-4'-methylsulfonyloxybut-1'-yl)guanine [HMSBG]) was synthesized for the first time, and its stability was investigated at physiological in vitro conditions.

In Vivo Red Blood Cells/Plasma Partition Coefficient of Treosulfan and Its Active Monoepoxide in Rats.

Background And Objectives: Treosulfan is a prodrug applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer and conditioning prior to stem cell transplantation. So far, the bioanalysis of treosulfan in either whole blood or red blood cells (RBC) has not been carried out. In this work, the RBC/plasma partition coefficient (K) of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide was determined for the first time.

New fluphenazine analogue with antimutagenic and anti-multidrug resistance activity-degradation profile and stability-indicating method.

Hydrochloride of 10-{2-hydroxy-3-[,-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propyl}-2-trifluoromethylphenothiazine (Flu-A) is a analogue of neuroleptic fluphenazine. Flu-A exhibits anti-multidrug resistance, antimutagenic, proapoptopic, and cancer-chemopreventive activities in screening studies. To define identity, quality, and purity of new active substance it is necessary to develop a appropriate analytical method and to establish a degradation profile.

Analgesic efficacy and safety of epidural oxycodone in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a pilot study.

Background And Objectives: Oxycodone is poorly studied as an adjuvant to central blockades. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride in epidural blockade among patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients And Methods: In 11 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system II/III, age range: 59-82 years), THA was conducted with an epidural blockade using 15 mL 0.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of trans-stilbene methylthio derivatives as cytochromes P450 family 1 inhibitors.

Cytochromes P450 family 1 (CYP1) are responsible for the metabolism of procarcinogens, for example polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic and heterocyclic amines. The inhibition of CYP1 activity is examined in terms of chemoprevention and cancer chemotherapy. We designed and synthesized a series of trans-stilbene derivatives possessing a combination of methoxy and methylthio functional groups attached in different positions to the trans-stilbene skeleton.

Determination of prodrug treosulfan and its biologically active monoepoxide in rat plasma, liver, lungs, kidneys, muscle, and brain by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method.

A prodrug treosulfan (TREO) is currently investigated in clinical trials for conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bioanalysis of TREO and its active derivatives, monoepoxide (S,S-EBDM) and diepoxide, in plasma and urine underlay the pharmacokinetic studies of these compounds but cannot explain an organ pharmacological action or toxicity. Recently, distribution of TREO and S,S-EBDM into brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and aqueous humor of the eye has been investigated in animal models and the obtained results presented clinical relevance.

Flubromazolam--A new life-threatening designer benzodiazepine.

Context: In addition to designer benzodiazepines such as etizolam, deschloroetizolam, pyrazolam, diclazepam, nifoxipam, or clonazolam, a new psychoactive substance like flubromazolam, triazole of flubromazepam has become available. Flubromazolam is currently not marketed as a medication but rather as a research chemical and recreational drug. It mostly causes sedative effects but also has moderate anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant effects.

Influence of tobacco smoke exposure on pharmacokinetics of ethyl alcohol in alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats.

Background: A vast majority of people who abuse alcohol are also defined as "heavy smokers". Tobacco smokes induces CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6 isoenzymes, but on the other hand, ethanol activates CYP2E1, which can be important during combined, chronic use of both of them. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of tobacco smoke xenobiotics on ethanol pharmacokinetics and the level of its metabolites in alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats.

[Energy drinks as a cause of seizures--real or possible danger? Case report].

The consumption of energy beverages is increasing, especially among young people. The increasing consumption of these drinks increases the data of side effects. Case report: A 26-year old male was admitted to Toxicology Department suspected of intoxication due to ethyl alcohol and unknown psychoactive substances.

Post-Injection Delirium/Sedation Syndrome after Olanzapine Long-Acting Intramuscular Injection - Who is at Risk?

The post-injection olanzapine delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS) was observed in a 60-year-old Caucasian, schizophrenic, non-smoker and underweight [body mass index (BMI), 18.2 kg/m(2) ] women after the fourth intramuscular injection of 405 mg olanzapine pamoate. Clinical symptoms of PDSS were similar to those of acute oral olanzapine intoxication.