Understanding Causes of Death in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive summary of the published data on cause of death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Data Sources: PubMed (January 2015 to April 2024), bibliographies of relevant articles, and ARDS Network and Prevention & Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) network websites.

Study Selection: Observational studies and clinical trials that reported on cause of death in greater than or equal to 30 patients with ARDS, not obtained from death certificates.

Assessing the precision of gaze following using a stereoscopic 3D virtual reality setting.

Despite the ecological importance of gaze following, little is known about the underlying neuronal processes, which allow us to extract gaze direction from the geometric features of the eye and head of a conspecific. In order to understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying this ability, a careful description of the capacity and the limitations of gaze following at the behavioral level is needed. Previous studies of gaze following, which relied on naturalistic settings have the disadvantage of allowing only very limited control of potentially relevant visual features guiding gaze following, such as the contrast of iris and sclera, the shape of the eyelids and--in the case of photographs--they lack depth.

Disparate substrates for head gaze following and face perception in the monkey superior temporal sulcus.

Primates use gaze cues to follow peer gaze to an object of joint attention. Gaze following of monkeys is largely determined by head or face orientation. We used fMRI in rhesus monkeys to identify brain regions underlying head gaze following and to assess their relationship to the 'face patch' system, the latter being the likely source of information on face orientation.