GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: Database and Systematic Review of Otolaryngologic Adverse Events.

Introduction: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have gained traction in the management of obesity. There is limited literature on the implications of GLP-1 RAs in the field of otolaryngology.

Methods: We explore the association between GLP-1 RAs with eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and patulous ETD (PETD) by review of cases, literature, and the FDA adverse event database (FAERS).

Temperature-controlled radiofrequency treatment of the nasal valve in nasal airway obstruction patients with septal deviation.

Nasal valve treatment with TCRF results in NAO symptom improvement in the presence of septal deviation. Severe septal deviation does not impact the beneficial effect of TCRF nasal valve treatment. Symptoms improve with TCRF nasal valve treatment even if septal deviations involve the nasal valve.

Presentation and Optimal Management of Anterior and Central Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of conservative treatment versus surgical debridement versus debridement followed by vascularized tissue coverage to provide evidence-based guidance on the management of osteoradionecrosis of the anterior and central skull base.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods: Systematic review and data sources including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were accessed using PRISMA guidelines.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Induced Sinonasal Disease: Review of Literature and FDA Database.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a rapidly expanding class of oncologic therapies whose mechanism of action can result in unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs) not seen in other cancer therapeutics. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of sinonasal irAEs with these medications.

Methods: A case report of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) caused by an ICI is presented and was the impetus for this review.

Enhancing Health Literacy: Evaluating the Readability of Patient Handouts Revised by ChatGPT's Large Language Model.

Objective: To use an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered large language model (LLM) to improve readability of patient handouts.

Study Design: Review of online material modified by AI.

Setting: Academic center.

Histopathologic evaluation of Asian-American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Asian-American (AA) patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have comparable rates of tissue eosinophilia compared to Caucasians when defined as >10 eosinophils/high-powered field (HPF). AA patients with CRSwNP have significantly higher incidence of mixed inflammation defined as >10 eosinophils/HPF and >10 neutrophils/HPF.

Current otolaryngologic applications of the novel self-assembling RADA-16 peptide matrix.

A novel bioresorbable agent on the market is PuraGel® (3-D Matrix, Tokyo, Japan), a RADA-16 product that acts as a synthetic hemostatic and space-filling gel that promotes wound healing and prevents adhesion formation. Given the reported benefits of accelerated wound healing and scar tissue prevention, there are multiple otolaryngologic applications where RADA-16 might improve outcomes. Our study highlights current utilization and associated post-operative complications with this product.

Features of Importance in Nasal Endoscopy: Deriving a Meaningful Framework.

Objective: Critical components of the nasal endoscopic examination have not been definitively established for either the normal examination or for clinical disorders. This study aimed to identify concordance among rhinologists regarding the importance of examination findings for various nasal pathologies.

Study Design: A consortium of 19 expert rhinologists across the United States was asked to rank the importance of findings on nasal endoscopy for 5 different sinonasal symptom presentations.

Practice Patterns Among Fellowship-Trained Rhinologists: A Survey of Past American Rhinologic Society Fellows.

Background: The goals of this study were to understand the trends in recent and past rhinology fellows concerning their demographics, goals, and experiences.

Methods: An anonymous web-based survey was sent to graduates of the 35 rhinology fellowship programs. The survey included questions regarding the scope of practice, research contribution, societal involvement, fellow satisfaction with training, and current practice patterns.

Multi-Institutional Analysis of Insurance Denial Patterns Within Rhinology.

Background: Obtaining insurance approval is a necessary component of healthcare in the United States and denials of these claims have been estimated to result in a loss of 3% to 5% of revenue.

Objective: Examine the trends in insurance denials for rhinological procedures.

Methods: A retrospective review of deidentified financial data of patients who were treated by participating physicians across 3 institutions from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023.

Reconstruction of an obliterated Eustachian tube: transnasal lighted guidewire catheter stenting.

An obliterated Eustachian tube (ET) is a rare occurrence that can lead to chronic otitis media (OM) and aural fullness even with treatment. Our study presents a review of the literature on methods of stenting the ET. We additionally present a case of a man with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the ET who underwent a radical nasal pharyngectomy with reconstruction and adjuvant radiation, and who had symptoms of intolerable otorrhea after tympanostomy tube placement to treat aural fullness and mucoid OM.

Development of the 12-Item Facial Complaints Evaluation Scale (FaCES-12).

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis and related rhinologic disorders are common in routine otolaryngologic practice. Common presenting symptoms include nasal obstruction, facial pain, facial pressure, headache, and a subjective feeling of the face feeling "swollen," a perceptual distortion. No validated scale exists to assess facial pain in addition to perceptual distortion or headache.

Sinonasal Symptom Correlation With the Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS).

Background: Commonly used endoscopic nasal polyp grading scales have been shown to correlate poorly with symptom scores and quality of life metrics. The recently described Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS) is a grading system that more accurately characterizes polyp recurrence in postoperative sinus cavities by describing incremental recurrence in relation to the surgically opened sinus cavities.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if the POPS correlated with sinonasal symptoms.

Gender-Specific Differences in Preoperative Concerns in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Objectives: Among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), gender differences in epidemiology as well as quality of life have been reported. However, whether gender differences in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) preoperative concerns exist is unclear.

Methods: CRS patients undergoing ESS at 3 tertiary care centers in Los Angeles completed the validated Western Surgical Concern Inventory - ESS assessing ESS preoperative concerns.

Proton Therapy for Skull Base Chondrosarcoma.

Chondrosarcoma is a type of an endochondral bone malignancy that is primarily treated surgically with radiation therapy used in the adjuvant setting or in cases of unresectable disease. Proton therapy has potential advantages compared with traditional photon therapy for the treatment of tumors in close proximity to critical structures due to the theoretic lower exit dose. Studies have shown improved survival in patients with skull base chondrosarcoma who undergo proton therapy.

Endotype evaluation of Hispanic/Latinx-American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Hispanic-American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps have a comparable level of tissue eosinophilia compared to their Caucasian counterparts in the United States. Mixed inflammation involving both neutrophils and eosinophils is more common in this population compared to Caucasians. Findings from this study may indicate that Hispanic-American patients have a unique endotype or endotypes that deserves further investigation.

CSF-Venous Fistula of the Clival Skull Base: A Unique Case Study and Literature Review.

An adolescent male presented with orthostatic headaches following head trauma. MRI showed cerebellar tonsil displacement and a bony defect in the clival skull base. Digital subtraction myelography (DSM) confirmed a cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula (CVF).

The Influence of Modifiable Risk Factors on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Receiving Surgery for Resection for Acoustic Neuroma.

Acoustic neuromas are the most common tumor of the cerebellopontine angle that are associated with a number of symptoms that negatively impact a patient's quality of life. While the mainstay of treatment for these benign tumors remains microsurgical resection, there is limited research exploring how certain modifiable risk factors (MRFs) may affect the perioperative course. The purpose of this study was to investigate how MRFs including malnutrition, obesity, dyslipidemia, uncontrolled hypertension, and smoking may affect postoperative rates of readmission and nonroutine discharges.

Optimization of diagnostic and procedural codes to identify patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis.

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare disease with high mortality There is no designated International Classification of Diseases code for IFS We propose a novel method to identify IFS using optimized codes complemented by medications.

Ostial Patency Measurements After Endoscopic Sphenoidotomies and Frontal Sinusotomies.

Background: Sphenoid and frontal sinuses have narrow ostia and are prone to stenosis. However, their relative rates of patency are not well established, and descriptive rates of sphenoid stenosis have never been reported. The objective is to measure the patency of the sphenoid and frontal sinus ostia postoperatively.

Postoperative Obstructive Sleep Apnea Management Following Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Objective: There is currently no consensus on the appropriate timing of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (PPV) resumption in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after endoscopic pituitary surgery. We performed a systematic review of the literature to better assess the safety of early PPV use in OSA patients following surgery.

Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Improving the Accuracy of Maxillary Sinus Balloon Dilation Using Virtual Reality Navigation: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: The ability to reliably and accurately cannulate the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus during balloon sinus dilation (BSD) has been criticized. Conventional computed tomography (CT)-guided navigation systems are helpful when dilating other sinuses, but they fail to provide meaningful feedback to guide accurate dilation of the maxillary sinus.

Objective: This study explores the potential impact of a new navigation system with virtual reality (VR) functionality on successful BSD of the maxillary sinus.

Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS): Development of a New Sinonasal Polyp Grading Scale.

Objective: Commonly used endoscopic grading scales, such as the nasal polyp scale, inadequately describe the degree of polyposis found postoperatively in the paranasal sinus cavities. The purpose of this study was to create a novel grading system that more accurately characterizes polyp recurrence in postoperative sinus cavities, the Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS).

Methods: A modified Delphi method was utilized to establish the POPS using consensus opinion among 13 general otolaryngologists, rhinologists, and allergists.