Donor-derived Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections in lung transplant recipients: A prospective study of donor and recipient respiratory tract screening and recipient outcomes.

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species are urogenital mollicutes that can cause serious donor-derived infections in lung transplant recipients. Best practices for mollicute screening remain unknown. We conducted a single-center prospective study analyzing lung transplants performed from October 5, 2020, to September 25, 2021, whereby donor and recipient bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained at time of transplant underwent mollicute screening via culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Beyond Infection: Mortality and End-of-Life Care Associated With Infectious Disease Consultation in an Academic Health System.

Background: Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are increasingly faced with the challenge of caring for patients with terminal illnesses or incurable infections.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of all patients with an ID consult within an academic health system from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2023, including community, general, and transplant ID consult services.

Results: There were 60 820 inpatient ID consults (17 235 community, 29 999 general, and 13 586 transplant) involving 37 848 unique patients.

Gut microbiome correlates of recurrent urinary tract infection: a longitudinal, multi-center study.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect approximately 250 million people annually worldwide. Patients often experience a cycle of antimicrobial treatment and recurrent UTI (rUTI) that is thought to be facilitated by a gut reservoir of uropathogenic (UPEC).

Methods: 125 patients with UTI caused by an antibiotic-resistant organism (ARO) were enrolled from July 2016 to May 2019 in a longitudinal, multi-center cohort study.

Risk Factors for and Outcomes Following Early Acquisition of Complex After Lung Transplantation.

Background: Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk of complex (MABC) acquisition and invasive infection. We analyzed risk factors and outcomes of early post-lung transplant MABC acquisition.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study of patients who underwent lung transplant from 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2021 at a single large tertiary care facility.

acquisition from hospital tap water: a genomic and epidemiologic analysis.

We identified 23 cases of respiratory acquisition linked to a colonized plumbing system at a new hospital addition. We conducted a genomic and epidemiologic investigation to assess for clonal acquisition of from hospital water sources and improve understanding of genetic distances between isolates. We performed whole-genome sequencing on 28 .

A cluster of three extrapulmonary infections linked to well-maintained water-based heater-cooler devices.

Background: Various water-based heater-cooler devices (HCDs) have been implicated in nontuberculous mycobacteria outbreaks. Ongoing rigorous surveillance for healthcare-associated (HA-Mab) put in place following a prior institutional outbreak of alerted investigators to a cluster of 3 extrapulmonary infections among patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery.

Methods: Investigators convened a multidisciplinary team and launched a comprehensive investigation to identify potential sources of in the healthcare setting.

Complete genome sequence of strain C14-1.MIM isolated from a hospitalized lung transplant recipient.

is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria species that can cause healthcare-associated infections. We report the complete genome of C14-1.MIM, isolated via culture of a respiratory specimen obtained from a hospitalized lung transplant recipient.

Impact of measurement and feedback on chlorhexidine gluconate bathing among intensive care unit patients: A multicenter study.

Objective: To assess whether measurement and feedback of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin concentrations can improve CHG bathing practice across multiple intensive care units (ICUs).

Design: A before-and-after quality improvement study measuring patient CHG skin concentrations during 6 point-prevalence surveys (3 surveys each during baseline and intervention periods).

Setting: The study was conducted across 7 geographically diverse ICUs with routine CHG bathing.

Risk factors, management, and clinical outcomes of invasive Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections after lung transplantation.

Mollicute infections, caused by Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species, are serious complications after lung transplantation; however, understanding of the epidemiology and outcomes of these infections remains limited. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 1156 consecutive lung transplants performed from 2010-2019. We used log-binomial regression to identify risk factors for infection and analyzed clinical management and outcomes.

Living kidney donors with HIV: experience and outcomes from a case series by the HOPE in Action Consortium.

Background: Living kidney donation is possible for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States within research studies under the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act. There are concerns that donor nephrectomy may have an increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in PLWH due to HIV-associated kidney disease and antiretroviral therapy (ART) nephrotoxicity. Here we report the first 3 cases of living kidney donors with HIV under the HOPE Act in the United States.

Management of nontuberculous mycobacteria in lung transplant cases: an international Delphi study.

Rationale: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases are difficult-to-treat infections, especially in lung transplant (LTx) candidates. Currently, there is a paucity of recommendations on the management of NTM infections in LTx, focusing on complex (MAC), and .

Methods: Pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, LTx surgeons and Delphi experts with expertise in NTM were recruited.

Use of Statistical Process Control Methods for Early Detection of Healthcare Facility-Associated Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Outbreaks: A Single-Center Pilot Study.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens increasingly implicated in healthcare facility-associated (HCFA) infections and outbreaks. We analyzed the performance of statistical process control (SPC) methods in detecting HCFA NTM outbreaks.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 3 NTM outbreaks that occurred from 2013 to 2016 at a tertiary care hospital.

Early recognition and response to increases in surgical site infections using optimised statistical process control charts-The early 2RIS trial: A multicentre stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Traditional approaches for surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance have deficiencies that delay detection of SSI outbreaks and other clinically important increases in SSI rates. We investigated whether use of optimised statistical process control (SPC) methods and feedback for SSI surveillance would decrease rates of SSI in a network of US community hospitals.

Methods: We conducted a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of patients who underwent any of 13 types of common surgical procedures across 29 community hospitals in the Southeastern United States.

Colon surgical-site infections and the impact of "present at the time of surgery (PATOS)" in a large network of community hospitals.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of complex colon surgical procedures (COLO), stratified by present at time of surgery (PATOS) surgical-site infections (SSIs) and non-PATOS SSIs and their impact on the epidemiology of colon-surgery SSIs.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: SSI data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing colon surgical procedures (COLOs) as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) at 34 community hospitals in the southeastern United States from January 2015 to June 2019.

Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Pulmonary Complex With and Without Coinfections.

Coinfections are more common in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Infiltrates on imaging studies are seen more commonly in patients with coinfections, but coinfections did not affect treatment outcomes of pulmonary complex.

Surgical site infection trends in community hospitals from 2013 to 2018.

Objective: Sparse recent data are available on the epidemiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) in community hospitals. Our objective was to provide updated epidemiology data on complex SSIs in community hospitals and to characterize trends of SSI prevalence rates over time.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

SEIR Model to address the impact of face masks amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Early in the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), face masks were used extensively by the general public in several Asian countries. The lower transmission rate of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Asian countries compared with Western countries suggested that the wider community use of face masks has the potential to decrease transmission of SARS-CoV-2. A risk assessment model named Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered (SEIR) model is used to quantitatively evaluate the potential impact of community face masks on SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number (R ) and peak number of infectious persons.

Persisting uropathogenic Escherichia coli lineages show signatures of niche-specific within-host adaptation mediated by mobile genetic elements.

Large-scale genomic studies have identified within-host adaptation as a hallmark of bacterial infections. However, the impact of physiological, metabolic, and immunological differences between distinct niches on the pathoadaptation of opportunistic pathogens remains elusive. Here, we profile the within-host adaptation and evolutionary trajectories of 976 isolates representing 119 lineages of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) sampled longitudinally from both the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts of 123 patients with urinary tract infections.

COVID-19 Trials: Who Participates and Who Benefits?

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately afflicted vulnerable populations. Older adults, particularly residents of nursing facilities, represent a small percentage of the population but account for 40% of mortality from COVID-19 in the United States. Racial and ethnic minority individuals, particularly Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous Americans have experienced higher rates of infection and death than the White population.