Publications by authors named "Arthur Cho"

Background: I-131 treatment (RAI) decision relies heavily on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, as higher Tg levels are assumed to be correlated with higher I-131 uptake. Tg elevation, negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) definition is becoming more clinically relevant as alternative treatment methods are available. This study examined the correlation between Tg levels with I-131 uptake in remnant thyroid gland to evaluate the reliability of serum Tg levels in predicting I-131 uptake.

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Medullary thyroid cancer originates from parafollicular C-cells in the thyroid. Despite successful thyroidectomy, localizing remnant cancer cells in patients with elevated calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels remains a challenge. Extranasal odorant receptors are expressed in cells from non-olfactory tissues, including C-cells.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study involved 108 right-side colon cancer patients, assessing preoperative FDG PET/CT and postoperative MSI to evaluate the relationship between FDG uptake and metastasis incidence.
  • * Results indicated that while higher FDG uptake in MSI-stable tumors correlated with increased risk of distant metastasis, this correlation was not observed in MSI-high tumors, suggesting that MSI status is crucial in interpreting FDG uptake in colon cancer.
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Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea and the world. Since 2004, this is the 4th gastric cancer guideline published in Korea which is the revised version of previous evidence-based approach in 2018. Current guideline is a collaborative work of the interdisciplinary working group including experts in the field of gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and guideline development methodology.

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Background: The prognosis of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) remains controversial and should be clarified by comparison with the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) histologic grading system for invasive nonmucinous adenocarcinoma (INMA).

Methods: This study included patients with IMA who underwent curative resection. Their clinicopathological outcomes were compared with those of patients with INMA.

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Better mechanisms of predicting prognoses in patients with metastatic breast cancer will improve the identification of patients for whom curative treatments may be the most effective. In this study, the prognostic value of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) was assessed in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A retrospective analysis of women who underwent F-FDG PET/CT for staging of newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer was conducted.

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The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is highly effective in the remission of obesity and associated diabetes. The mechanisms underlying obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus remission after RYGB remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in continuous dynamic FDG uptake patterns after RYGB and examine the correlation between glucose metabolism and its transporters in variable endocrine organs using F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography images.

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Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a mediator of immune recognition of cytosolic DNA, which plays important roles in cancer, cytotoxic therapies, and infections with certain pathogens. Although pharmacologic STING activation stimulates potent antitumor immune responses in animal models, clinically applicable pharmacodynamic biomarkers that inform of the magnitude, duration, and location of immune activation elicited by systemic STING agonists are yet to be described. We investigated whether systemic STING activation induces metabolic alterations in immune cells that can be visualized by PET imaging.

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Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enables the breakdown and recycling of guanine nucleosides. PNP insufficiency in humans is paradoxically associated with both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity, but the mechanistic basis for these outcomes is incompletely understood. Here, we identify two immune lineage-dependent consequences of PNP inactivation dictated by distinct gene interactions.

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Blood vessels in lymph nodes (LNs) are unique in comprising both capillaries and high endothelial venules (HEVs). Hyaline vascular type Castleman's disease accompanies robust angiogenesis, but it is unclear how the capillaries and HEVs respond. We retrospectively examined surgical specimens of hyaline vascular type unicentric Castleman's disease patients (n = 24) and control LNs (n = 9).

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Background: Predictive markers for treatment response and survival outcome have not been identified in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemoimmunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate whether imaging biomarkers of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and routinely assessed clinico-laboratory values were associated with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving pembrolizumab plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy as a first-line treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 52 patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent baseline F-FDG PET/CT before treatment initiation.

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We determine that type I interferon (IFN) response biomarkers are enriched in a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors; however, actionable vulnerabilities associated with IFN signaling have not been systematically defined. Integration of a phosphoproteomic analysis and a chemical genomics synergy screen reveals that IFN activates the replication stress response kinase ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) in PDAC cells and sensitizes them to ATR inhibitors. IFN triggers cell-cycle arrest in S-phase, which is accompanied by nucleotide pool insufficiency and nucleoside efflux.

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Although exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is linked to asthma, the health effects of co-existing vapor-phase organic pollutants (vapor) and their combined effects with PM on this disease are poorly understood. We used a murine asthma model to test the hypothesis that exposure to vapor would enhance allergic sensitization and this effect would be further strengthened by co-existing PM. We found that vapor and PM each individually exerted adjuvant effects on OVA sensitization.

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Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effectors of emerging cancer immunotherapies designed to activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A challenge in the clinical translation of these agents is the lack of noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarkers that indicate increased intratumoral IFN signaling following PRR activation. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging enables the visualization of tissue metabolic activity, but whether IFN signaling-induced alterations in tumor cell metabolism can be detected using PET has not been investigated.

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Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is usually self-limiting, but prolonged systemic symptoms often result in frequent hospital visits, long admission durations, or missed workdays. We investigated the role of fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing KFD severity. We reviewed the records of 31 adult patients with pathologically confirmed KFD who underwent F-FDG PET/CT between November 2007 and April 2018 at a tertiary-care referral hospital.

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with localized primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and to compare the predictive values of F-FDG PET/CT parameters with those of clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Methods: Sixty-two localized GIST patients who underwent staging with F-FDG PET/CT from January 2007 to December 2013 before surgery were retrospectively enrolled. A volume of interest with a standardized uptake value (SUV) threshold of 2.

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Purpose: We aimed to compare different reference regions and select one with the most clinical relevance on C11-acetate (ACE) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with cerebral glioma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients with cerebral glioma who underwent baseline ACE PET/CT at diagnosis. Other than the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the primary tumor, SUVs of the reference regions including the normal gray matter, white matter, choroid plexus, and cerebellum were measured.

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Objective: The mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes resolution after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are unclear. We suspected that glucose excretion may occur in the small bowel based on observations in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms underlying serum glucose excretion in the small intestine and its contribution to glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery.

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Chronic methamphetamine use is linked to abnormalities in brain structure, which may reflect neurotoxicity related to metabolism of the drug. As the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme is central to the metabolism of methamphetamine, genotypic variation in its activity may moderate effects of methamphetamine on brain structure and function. This study explored the relationship between CYP2D6 genotype and measures of brain structure and cognition in methamphetamine users.

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Background/aims: Although the use of surveillance 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is discouraged in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, its usefulness in different subtypes has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 157 patients who showed positive results on surveillance FDG-PET/CT every 6 months following complete response for up to 5 years. All of the patients also underwent biopsies.

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Background: Although gastrectomy induces weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis, the mechanism is not clearly elucidated.

Objective: Weight loss after gastrectomy for gastric cancer may be the result from not only altered nutrition absorption but also systematic endocrinologic changes after bariatric-like surgery. No clinical studies have evaluated the altered glucose metabolism associated with postoperative weight loss in gastric cancer patients.

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Objectives: The sensitivity for tumor spread through air space (STAS), an independent risk factor for locoregional recurrence after sublobar resection for lung cancer, has been relatively low in frozen sections. We aimed to determine predictors with high negative predictive value for the presence of STAS and to provide the flowchart in combination with these predictors for the decision-making for sublobar resection.

Materials And Methods: Between July 2015 and December 2017, 387 patients who underwent surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pathologic findings of the total masses measuring ≤ 2 cm were enrolled.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to see how different evaluation methods influence the prediction of responses to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), analyzing data from over 1500 patients post-surgery.
  • - Two follow-up protocols were employed, one based on serum thyroglobulin levels and neck ultrasound, and the other combining these with a radioiodine scan; the latter revealed a drop in the percentage of patients rated as having an excellent response.
  • - Key findings indicated that the method of patient preparation and the amount of RAI administered significantly impacted therapy outcomes, highlighting the importance of standardized response evaluations and patient management.
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