Publications by authors named "Arthur C Ouwehand"

Introduction: The oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a predominant component of human milk, serving as a prebiotic for gut microbiota and influencing immune development in infants. subspecies is a commensal bacterium found in breastfed infants. Both 2'-FL and a specific strain of , Bi-26™, are commercially available.

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The gut microbiome is impacted by certain types of dietary fibre. However, the type, duration and dose needed to elicit gut microbial changes and whether these changes also influence microbial metabolites remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of supplementing healthy participants with two types of non-digestible carbohydrates (resistant starch (RS) and polydextrose (PD)) on the stool microbiota and microbial metabolite concentrations in plasma, stool and urine, as secondary outcomes in the Dietary Intervention Stem Cells and Colorectal Cancer (DISC) Study.

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Chitin-glucan (CG) is a new generation of prebiotic. NCFM (NCFM) is a probiotic with the ability to decrease abdominal pain. We evaluate the functional and molecular gastrointestinal responses to a synbiotic administration combining CG and NCFM in a rat model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity.

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Importance: Probiotic supplementation may improve bowel movements. However, large, properly designed studies are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the potential benefit of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019 on constipation, expressed as complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs).

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Aging has been associated with a changed composition and function of the gut microbiota (GM). Here, we investigate the effects of the multi-strain probiotic HOWARU Restore on GM composition and function in seniors. Ninety-eight healthy adult volunteers aged ≥75 years were enrolled in a randomised, double-blinded intervention (NCT02207140), where they received HOWARU Restore (10 CFU) or the placebo daily for 24 weeks, with 45 volunteers from each group completing the intervention.

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Application of beneficial microorganisms as probiotics targets a broad range of intended uses, from maintaining health and supporting normal bodily functions to curing and preventing diseases. Currently, three main regulatory fields of probiotic products can be defined depending on their intended use: the more similar probiotic foods and probiotic dietary supplements, and live biotherapeutic products. However, it is not always straightforward to classify a probiotic product into one of these categories.

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Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit.

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subsp. HN019 is a probiotic with several documented human health benefits. Interest in probiotics has led to the development of new formats that probiotics, including HN019, can be supplemented into.

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Purpose: To determine the role of Lactobacillus strains and their combinations in inhibiting the colonization of and gastric mucosa inflammation.

Methods: Human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells were incubated with H. pylori and six probiotic strains ( NCFM, La-14, Lp-115, Lpc-37, Lr-32, and GG) and the adhesion ability of in different combinations was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and urease activity assay.

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the developing infant gut microbiota. In this study, a semi-continuous colon simulator was used to evaluate the effect of 2 HMOs-2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL)-on the composition of infant faecal microbiota and microbial metabolites. The simulations were performed with and without a probiotic subspecies Bi-26 (Bi-26) and compared with a control that lacked an additional carbon source.

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Introduction: Bioavailability of calcium is an important consideration when designing supplements for achieving adequate calcium intake, mainly in high-risk, and aged populations. Alternative supplementation strategies may be able to circumvent absorption issues commonly seen with calcium supplements. The objective of this study was to assess the bioavailability of a single serving of two calcium formulations vs.

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Current evidence suggests that gut microbiome-derived lipids play a crucial role in the regulation of host lipid metabolism. However, not much is known about the dynamics of gut microbial lipids within the distinct gut biogeographic. Here we applied targeted and untargeted lipidomics to in vitro-derived feces.

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Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic strains and products, as well as expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, and actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe and effective use.

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The primary objective of this randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-blind study was to assess whether orally consumed La-14 (La-14) and HN001 (HN001) colonise a healthy human vagina. Furthermore, potential effects on vaginal microbiota and immune markers were explored. Fifty women devoid of vaginal complaints (Nugent score 0-3 and vaginal pH ≤ 4.

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Traditional probiotics comprise mainly lactic acid bacteria that are safe for human use, tolerate acid and bile, and adhere to the epithelial lining and mucosal surfaces. In this study, one hundred commercial and non-commercial strains that were isolated from human feces or vaginal samples were tested with regards to overall growth in culture media, tolerance to acid and bile, hydrogen peroxide (HO) production, and adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) and to blood group antigens. As a result, various of the tested lactobacilli strains were determined to be suitable for gastrointestinal or vaginal applications.

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Background: Probiotics may alleviate lactose maldigestion.

Objectives: The objective was to select a probiotic with high lactase activity and compare it with lactase and placebo in clinical trials.

Methods: Bacterial cultures were screened for lactase activity in a model of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

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is a well-known bacterium with the ability to degrade mucin. This metabolic capability is believed to play an important role in the colonization of this bacterium in the gut. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel sp.

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Development of the gut-brain axis during early-life is an important contributor of brain structural and functional development. Human milk oligosaccharides and gut microbiota have potential beneficial effects on various aspects of development; however, the effects of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and subsp. Bi-26 (Bi-26) administration during infancy separately and combined are still not clear.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases worldwide. Despite the efficacy of antibiotics targeted against UTI, the recurrence rates remain significant among the patients. Furthermore, the development of antibiotic resistance is a major concern and creates a demand for alternative treatment options.

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The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway that enables the gut microbiota to communicate with the brain through direct and indirect signaling pathways to influence brain physiology, function, and even behavior. Research has shown that probiotics can improve several aspects of health by changing the environment within the gut, and several lines of evidence now indicate a beneficial effect of probiotics on mental and brain health. Such evidence has prompted the arrival of a new term to the world of biotics research: psychobiotics, defined as any exogenous influence whose effect on mental health is bacterially mediated.

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There are different models available that mimic the human intestinal epithelium and are thus available for studying probiotic and pathogen interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Although, models make it possible to study the overall effects of a probiotic on a living subject, they cannot always be conducted and there is a general commitment to reduce the use of animal models. Hence, methods provide a more rapid tool for studying the interaction between probiotics and pathogens; as well as being ethically superior, faster, and less expensive.

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Human milk is rich in oligosaccharides that influence intestinal development and serve as prebiotics for the infant gut microbiota. Probiotics and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) added individually to infant formula have been shown to influence infant development, but less is known about the effects of their synbiotic administration. Herein, the impact of formula supplementation with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and subsp.

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Optimal gut motility is central to bowel function and gut health. The link between the gut dysmotility related disorders and dysfunctional-intestinal barriers has led to a hypothesis that certain probiotics could help in normalizing gut motility and maintain gut health. This review investigates the roles of subsp.

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Background: Of the many neurotransmitters in humans, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shows potential for improving several mental health indications such as stress and anxiety. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is an important pathway for GABAergic effects, as microbially-secreted GABA within the gut can affect host mental health outcomes. Understanding the molecular characteristics of GABA production by microbes within the gut can offer insight to novel therapies for mental health.

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third largest solid fraction in human milk, can modulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor signaling, but little is known about their immunomodulatory potential in the oral cavity. In this study, we determined whether the HMOs 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) regulate human-beta defensin (hBD)-2 and -3, cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37), and cytokine responses in human gingival cells using a three-dimensional oral mucosal culture model. The model was incubated with 0.

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