COQ4 is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of the C1 carbon of coenzyme Q in eukaryotic cells.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox lipid that fulfills critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. CoQ is synthesized by a multi-step pathway that involves several COQ proteins. Two steps of the eukaryotic pathway, the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of position C1, have remained uncharacterized.

COQ4 is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of the C1 carbon of Coenzyme Q in eukaryotic cells.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox lipid that fulfills critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. CoQ is synthesized by a multi-step pathway that involves several COQ proteins. Two steps of the eukaryotic pathway, the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of position C1, have remained uncharacterized.

Can Genome Sequencing Coupled to Flux Balance Analyses Offer Precision Guidance for Industrial Strain Development? The Lessons from Carbon Trafficking in ATCC 21573.

Systems biology tools offer new prospects for industrial strain selection. For bacteria that are significant for industrial applications, whole-genome sequencing coupled to flux balance analysis (FBA) can help unpack the complex relationships between genome mutations and carbon trafficking. This work investigates the l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) overproducing model system ATCC 21573 with an eye to more rational and precision strain development.

Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-tyrosine production from glucose and xylose.

Microbial production of aromatic compounds is an attractive and sustainable biotechnological approach. With this motivation, here metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) overproduction was attempted by pushing the carbon flux more towards l-Tyr. Translational start codon exchanges of prephenate dehydratase (pheA), anthranilate synthase (trpE), and phenylalanine aminotransferase (pat) genes revealed that reduced expression of pheA was the major contributor to increased l-Tyr titer while codon exchange in trpE was effective to a lower extent.

Rational Engineering of Non-Ubiquinone Containing for Enhanced Coenzyme Q Production.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipid-soluble compound with important physiological functions and is sought after in the food and cosmetic industries owing to its antioxidant properties. In our previous proof of concept, we engineered for CoQ biosynthesis the industrially relevant , which does not naturally synthesize any CoQ. Here, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis identified two metabolic bottlenecks in the CoQ production, i.

Fermentative Production of Halogenated Tryptophan Derivatives with Corynebacterium glutamicum Overexpressing Tryptophanase or Decarboxylase Genes.

The aromatic amino acid l-tryptophan serves as a precursor for many valuable compounds such as neuromodulators, indoleamines and indole alkaloids. In this work, tryptophan biosynthesis was extended by halogenation followed by decarboxylation to the respective tryptamines or cleavage to the respective indoles. Either the tryptophanase genes tnaAs from E.

Recent advances in the metabolic pathways and microbial production of coenzyme Q.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) serves as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration and has become an interesting target for biotechnological production due to its antioxidative effect and benefits in supplementation to patients with various diseases. Here, we review discovery of the pathway with a particular focus on its superstructuration and regulation, and we summarize the metabolic engineering strategies for overproduction of CoQ by microorganisms. Studies in model microorganisms elucidated the details of CoQ biosynthesis and revealed the existence of multiprotein complexes composed of several enzymes that catalyze consecutive reactions in the CoQ pathways of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli.

Utilization of a Wheat Sidestream for 5-Aminovalerate Production in .

Production of plastics from petroleum-based raw materials extensively contributes to global pollution and CO emissions. Biotechnological production of functionalized monomers can reduce the environmental impact, in particular when using industrial sidestreams as feedstocks. , which is used in the million-ton-scale amino acid production, has been engineered for sustainable production of polyamide monomers.

Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis Established in the Non-Ubiquinone Containing by Metabolic Engineering.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ10) serves as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration and has become an interesting target for biotechnological production due to its antioxidative effect and benefits in supplementation to patients with various diseases. For the microbial production, so far only bacteria have been used that naturally synthesize CoQ10 or a related CoQ species. Since the whole pathway involves many enzymatic steps and has not been fully elucidated yet, the set of genes required for transfer of CoQ10 synthesis to a bacterium not naturally synthesizing CoQ species remained unknown.

Fermentative Production of l-2-Hydroxyglutarate by Engineered via Pathway Extension of l-Lysine Biosynthesis.

l-2-hydroxyglutarate (l-2HG) is a trifunctional building block and highly attractive for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The natural l-lysine biosynthesis pathway of the amino acid producer was extended for the fermentative production of l-2HG. Since l-2HG is not native to the metabolism of metabolic engineering of a genome-streamlined l-lysine overproducing strain was required to enable the conversion of l-lysine to l-2HG in a six-step synthetic pathway.

Fermentative -Methylanthranilate Production by Engineered .

The -functionalized amino acid -methylanthranilate is an important precursor for bioactive compounds such as anticancer acridone alkaloids, the antinociceptive alkaloid -isopropyl -methylanthranilate, the flavor compound -methyl--methylanthranilate, and as a building block for peptide-based drugs. Current chemical and biocatalytic synthetic routes to -alkylated amino acids are often unprofitable and restricted to low yields or high costs through cofactor regeneration systems. Amino acid fermentation processes using the Gram-positive bacterium are operated industrially at the million tons per annum scale.