The effect of surveillance for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in childhood cancer survivors on survival rates: a decision-tree-based analysis.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) who received radiation therapy exposing the thyroid gland are at increased risk of developing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Therefore, the International Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) on late effects of childhood cancer therefore recommends surveillance. It is unclear whether surveillance reduces mortality.

Thyroid Collars in Dental Radiology: 2021 Update.

In 2013, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) issued a "Policy Statement on Thyroid Shielding During Diagnostic Medical and Dental Radiology." The recently updated National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement Radiation Protection in Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging (NCRP Report No. 177) prompts this review of progress related to patient thyroid shielding since the ATA statement was published.

Clinical considerations for the treatment of secondary differentiated thyroid carcinoma in childhood cancer survivors.

The incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has increased rapidly over the past several years. Thus far, the only conclusively established risk factor for developing DTC is exposure to ionizing radiation, especially when the exposure occurs in childhood. Since the number of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) is increasing due to improvements in treatment and supportive care, the number of patients who will develop DTC after surviving childhood cancer (secondary thyroid cancer) is also expected to rise.

Among Individuals Irradiated for Benign Conditions in Childhood, Developing Thyroid Cancer Does Not Affect All-Cause Survival.

Whether radiation-induced thyroid cancer affects survival rates has not been clearly elucidated. Survival could be affected by the thyroid cancer itself, its treatment, or by being a sign of susceptibility to other cancers. The objective of the current study was to determine if the development of thyroid cancer is associated with a differential survival in radiation-exposed individuals.

Retraction for Fusco et al., "A Oncogene-Containing Retrovirus, Myeloproliferative Sarcoma Virus, Transforms Rat Thyroid Epithelial Cells and Irreversibly Blocks Their Differentiation Pattern".

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1128/JVI.56.

Role of biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of thyroid neoplasms in radiation-exposed children.

With increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors who were treated with radiation, there is a need to evaluate potential biomarkers that could signal an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. We aimed to examine the relationships between thyrotropin and thyroglobulin levels and the risk of developing thyroid nodules and cancer in a cohort of radiation-exposed children. 764 subjects who were irradiated in the neck area as children were examined and followed for up to 25 years.

American Thyroid Association Scientific Statement on the Use of Potassium Iodide Ingestion in a Nuclear Emergency.

This document serves to summarize the issues and the American Thyroid Association (ATA) position regarding the use of potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in the event of a nuclear accident. The purpose is to provide a review and updated position statement regarding the advanced distribution, stockpiling, and availability of potassium iodide in the event of nuclear radiation emergencies in the United States.

Thyroid Cancer Following Childhood Low-Dose Radiation Exposure: A Pooled Analysis of Nine Cohorts.

Context: The increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that involve radiation raises concerns about radiation effects, particularly in children and the radiosensitive thyroid gland.

Objectives: Evaluation of relative risk (RR) trends for thyroid radiation doses <0.2 gray (Gy); evidence of a threshold dose; and possible modifiers of the dose-response, e.

Thyroid Cancer after Childhood Exposure to External Radiation: An Updated Pooled Analysis of 12 Studies.

Studies have causally linked external thyroid radiation exposure in childhood with thyroid cancer. In 1995, investigators conducted relative risk analyses of pooled data from seven epidemiologic studies. Doses were mostly <10 Gy, although childhood cancer therapies can result in thyroid doses >50 Gy.

Anthropometric Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk by Histological Subtype: Pooled Analysis of 22 Prospective Studies.

Background: Greater height and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, the most common and least aggressive subtype. Few studies have evaluated these associations in relation to other, more aggressive histologic types or thyroid cancer-specific mortality.

Methods: This large pooled analysis of 22 prospective studies (833,176 men and 1,260,871 women) investigated thyroid cancer incidence associated with greater height, BMI at baseline and young adulthood, and adulthood BMI gain (difference between young-adult and baseline BMI), overall and separately by sex and histological subtype using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Synovial sarcoma of the lung in a patient who received radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer.

Background: Synovial sarcomas are uncommon malignancies that mainly affect adolescents and young adults. Most arise from the deep soft tissues of the extremities, but they can occur in other parts of the body such as the lung. Synovial sarcomas after radiation therapy are rare, in contrast with other sarcomas, with only six reported cases.

Association between benign thyroid and endocrine disorders and subsequent risk of thyroid cancer among 4.5 million U.S. male veterans.

Context: Risk factors for thyroid cancer (TC) in males are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between history of benign thyroid and endocrine disorders and risk of TC among 4.5 million male veterans admitted to U.

Exposing the thyroid to radiation: a review of its current extent, risks, and implications.

Radiation exposure of the thyroid at a young age is a recognized risk factor for the development of differentiated thyroid cancer lasting for four decades and probably for a lifetime after exposure. Medical radiation exposure, however, occurs frequently, including among the pediatric population, which is especially sensitive to the effects of radiation. In the past, the treatment of benign medical conditions with external radiation represented the most significant thyroid radiation exposures.

Clinical behavior of radiation-induced thyroid cancer: factors related to recurrence.

Background: Whether thyroid cancer is more aggressive in radiation-exposed patients is not resolved. The frequency of aggressive features in post-Chernobyl patients suggests this may be the case. Our aim was to address this question by re-examining the pattern of risk factors for recurrence of thyroid cancers found in a cohort exposed to external radiation.

Size, number, and distribution of thyroid nodules and the risk of malignancy in radiation-exposed patients who underwent surgery.

Context: The chance that a thyroid nodule is malignant is higher when there is a history of childhood radiation exposure.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine how the size of a thyroid nodule, the number of nodules, and the distribution of nodules influence the risk of cancer in irradiated patients.

Patients: From a cohort of 4296 radiation-exposed people, we studied the 1059 that underwent thyroid surgery.