Optimizing sorbitol double dehydration: A Box-Behnken design approach with commercial sulfonic acid resin.

In this study, double dehydration of sorbitol into isosorbide using commercial sulfonic acid resin as a catalyst was carried out under vacuum conditions generated by water ejection. To improve the efficiency and selectivity of the process, optimum reaction conditions prescribed by temperature, catalyst loading, and reaction time were investigated using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) together with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that using the water ejection system could increase reaction activity.

Photocatalytic treatment of real liquid effluent from hydrothermal carbonization of agricultural waste using metal doped TiO/UV system.

This study investigated treatment of real liquid effluent generated from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of macadamia nut shell by employing transition metals Cu, Ni, and Fe doped titanium dioxide (TiO) photocatalysts. The anatase TiO based photocatalysts were prepared via sol-gel method, and calcined at 400 °C. The modification with metal dopants was performed via ultrasonic assisted incipient wetness impregnation method.

Lignin removal from synthetic wastewater via Fenton-like reaction over Cu supported on MCM-41 derived from bagasse: Optimization and reaction intermediates.

Lignin degradation was performed using a Fenton-like oxidation reaction with Cu supported on MCM-41, derived from bagasse (Cu-BG-MCM-41), as the catalyst. The optimal degradation conditions required to remove a predetermined amount of lignin (95%) from an effluent were determined. Based on the literature review and preliminary tests, the critical parameters determining the operating conditions include temperature, catalyst loading, pH, HO concentration, and reaction time.

Degradation of formaldehyde by photo-Fenton process over n-ZVI/TiO catalyst.

The degradation of formaldehyde in a photo-Fenton reaction was studied using n-ZVI/TiO as the catalyst. The effects of %n-ZVI loading, catalyst dosage, HO, and pH on formaldehyde degradation were studied. The n-ZVI/TiO catalysts were prepared by impregnation with chemical reduction, and their catalytic activity was evaluated in a batch reactor under UVC light.

Comparison of dehydration methods for untreated lignin resole by hot air oven and vacuum rotary evaporator to synthesize lignin-based phenolic foam.

We investigate two different dehydration methods to determine their suitability for preparing resoles for foam synthesis. A simplified process for synthesizing lignin foam (LF) from lignin resole (LR) dehydrated in a hot air oven (HAO) is compared with that dehydrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator (VRE). First, the LR formulation is prepared by mixing phenol with untreated lignin (0%-15% by weight), and subsequently, the prepared LRs are dehydrated using an HAO and a VRE.

Morphology study of zinc anode prepared by electroplating method for rechargeable Zn-MnO battery.

Zinc electrodes prepared by electrodepositing zinc on a copper plate in ZnSO electrolyte were studied to determine the most suitable condition of zinc anode preparation for high performance Zn-MnO battery. Deposition of zinc on substrate material was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. Morphological characterization of zinc anode was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Optimizing chemical oxygen demand removal from synthesized wastewater containing lignin by catalytic wet-air oxidation over CuO/Al2O3 catalysts.

Unlabelled: In this study, 10% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst was used in a catalytic wet-air oxidation process to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color from experimentally designed wastewater containing lignin. The catalyst was prepared using an impregnation method and was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) for surface area before use. A series of Box-Behnken design (BBD) experiments were used to identify the conditions (temperature, pressure, reaction time, and catalysts) necessary for the COD removal process.

Characterization of platinum-iron catalysts supported on MCM-41 synthesized with rice husk silica and their performance for phenol hydroxylation.

Mesoporous material RH-MCM-41 was synthesized with rice husk silica by a hydrothermal method. It was used as a support for bimetallic platinum-iron catalysts Pt-Fe/RH-MCM-41 for phenol hydroxylation. The catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation with Pt and Fe at amounts of 0.