Effect of Insecticides Imidacloprid and Alpha-Cypermethrin on the Development of Pea ( L.) Nodules.

Insecticides are used commonly in agricultural production to defend plants, including legumes, from insect pests. It is a known fact that insecticides can have a harmful effect on the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. In this study, the effects of systemic seed treatment insecticide Imidor Pro (imidacloprid) and foliar insecticide Faskord (alpha-cypermethrin) on the structural organization of pea ( L.

Dynamics of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation During Tip Growth of Infection Thread in Nodules and Cell Differentiation in Pea ( L.) Symbiotic Nodules.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) in plants is produced in relatively large amounts and plays a universal role in plant defense and physiological responses, including the regulation of growth and development. In the -legume symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide plays an important signaling role throughout the development of this interaction. In the functioning nodule, HO has been shown to be involved in bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form and in nodule senescence.

Effects of Elevated Temperature on Nodule Development: I-Detailed Characteristic of Unusual Apical Senescence.

Despite global warming, the influence of heat on symbiotic nodules is scarcely studied. In this study, the effects of heat stress on the functioning of nodules formed by bv. strain 3841 on pea () line SGE were analyzed.

Tubulin Cytoskeleton Organization in Cells of Determinate Nodules.

Plant cell differentiation is based on rearrangements of the tubulin cytoskeleton; this is also true for symbiotic nodules. Nevertheless, although for indeterminate nodules (with a long-lasting meristem) the organization of microtubules during nodule development has been studied for various species, for determinate ones (with limited meristem activity) such studies are rare. Here, we investigated bacteroid morphology and dynamics of the tubulin cytoskeleton in determinate nodules of four legume species: , , , and .

The Fungicide Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Negatively Affects Plant Cell Walls, Infection Thread Walls, and Symbiosomes in Pea ( L.) Symbiotic Nodules.

In Russia, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is a fungicide widely used in the cultivation of legumes, including the pea (). Application of TMTD can negatively affect nodulation; nevertheless, its effect on the histological and ultrastructural organization of nodules has not previously been investigated. In this study, the effect of TMTD at three concentrations (0.

Efficacy of a Plant-Microbe System: (L.) Cadmium-Tolerant Mutant and Strains, Expressing Pea Metallothionein Genes and , for Cadmium Phytoremediation.

Two transgenic strains of bv. , 3841-PsMT1 and 3841-PsMT2, were obtained. These strains contain the genetic constructions and coding for two pea ( L.