The nature of 'jaws': a new predatory representative of Provora and the ultrastructure of nibbling protists.

The recently discovered Provora supergroup has primarily been examined to determine their phylogenomic position in the eukaryotic tree. Their morphology is more poorly studied, and here we focus on their cellular organization and how it compares with that of other supergroups. These small eukaryovorous flagellates exhibit several ultrastructural features that are also found in a subset of taxa from a wide variety of deep-branching lineages (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Hemimastigophora, Malawimonadidae, Discoba and Metamonada), including vesicles beneath the plasmalemma, two opposing vanes on the flagella, a ventral feeding groove and a fibrillar system resembling the excavate type.

Cell-Population Dynamics in Diffuse Gliomas during Gliomagenesis and Its Impact on Patient Survival.

Diffuse gliomas continue to be an important problem in neuro-oncology. To solve it, studies have considered the issues of molecular pathogenesis from the intratumoral heterogeneity point. Here, we carried out a comparative dynamic analysis of the different cell populations' content in diffuse gliomas of different molecular profiles and grades, considering the cell populations' functional properties and the relationship with patient survival, using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, multiparametric fluorescent in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and cultural methods.

Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes.

Molecular phylogenetics of microbial eukaryotes has reshaped the tree of life by establishing broad taxonomic divisions, termed supergroups, that supersede the traditional kingdoms of animals, fungi and plants, and encompass a much greater breadth of eukaryotic diversity. The vast majority of newly discovered species fall into a small number of known supergroups. Recently, however, a handful of species with no clear relationship to other supergroups have been described, raising questions about the nature and degree of undiscovered diversity, and exposing the limitations of strictly molecular-based exploration.

5-ALA-guided tumor resection during awake speech mapping in gliomas located in eloquent speech areas: Single-center experience.

Background: Achieving maximal functionally safe resection of gliomas located within the eloquent speech areas is challenging, and there is a lack of literature on the combined use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) guidance and awake craniotomy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe our experience with the simultaneous use of 5-ALA fluorescence and awake speech mapping in patients with left frontal gliomas located within the vicinity of eloquent speech areas.

Materials And Methods: A prospectively collected database of patients was reviewed.

Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion in Determining the IDH1 Status and Ki-67 Index in Brain Gliomas.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between tumor blood flow (TBF) measured by the pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) method and IDH1 mutation status of gliomas as well as Ki-67 proliferative index. Methods. The study included 116 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas of various grades.

The Morphology, Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Soil-Dwelling Kinetoplastid Avlakibodo gracilis gen. et sp. nov. (Neobodonida; Kinetoplastea).

Kinetoplastids represent a stockpile of undiscovered protist diversity. Free-living members of this group have been studied less intensively compared to their important parasitic relatives. We have isolated a new soil-dwelling bacteriotrophic kinetoplastid, which is described here as a new genus and new species, Avlakibodo gracilis gen.

On the origin of TSAR: morphology, diversity and phylogeny of Telonemia.

Telonemia is a poorly known major phylum of flagellated eukaryotes with a unique combination of morphological traits. Phylogenomics recently revealed the phylogenetic position of telonemids as sister to SAR, one of the largest groups of eukaryotes, comprising Stramenopiles, Alveolata and Rhizaria. Due to this key evolutionary position, investigations of telonemids are of critical importance for elucidating the origin and diversification of an astounding diversity of eukaryotic forms and life strategies.

Cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma in adult patients: 15 consecutive cases from a single institution and literature review.

Adult cerebellar anaplastic astrocytomas (cAA) are rare entities and their clinical and genetic appearances are still ill defined. Previously, malignant gliomas of the cerebellum were combined and reviewed together (cAA and cerebellar glioblastomas (cGB), that could have possibly affected overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We present characteristics of 15 adult patients with cAA and compared them to a series of 45 patients with a supratentorial AA (sAA) in order to elicit the effect of tumor location on OS and PFS.

Spontaneous Transformation of Vestibular Schwannoma into Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor.

Although radiosurgery-induced transformation of vestibular schwannoma (VS) into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is being widely discussed, little attention is paid to the spontaneous transition of these tumors. Although the pathogenesis of this phenomenon remains uncertain, growing number of reported cases might call to notice them. We present a case of a 29-year-old woman who suffered right-sided hearing loss which remained untreated for 4.

Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases: Preliminary Results.

Introduction:  Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (pre-SRS) is a recent advancement in the strategy for brain metastasis (BM) management, and available data demonstrate the advantages of pre-SRS before postoperative radiation treatment, including lower rates of local toxicity, leptomeningeal progression, and a high percentage of local control. The authors presented the results of pre-SRS in patients with BM.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients with BM (11 female and eight male) have been treated at N.

Plasma preparation to measure FDA-approved protein markers by selected reaction monitoring.

Background: The development of commercially available panels for human blood plasma screening via selected reaction monitoring (SRM) offers reliable, cost-efficient and highly-standardized discovery and validation of protein biomarkers. However, protein detection by SRM can be hampered by interfering peptide fragment ions. To estimate the influence of interference on protein detection, we performed different types of sample preparation and implemented SRM measurements for well-characterized protein targets approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Clinical applications of functional MR imaging.

Functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging for neurosurgical planning has become the standard of care in centers where it is available. Although paradigms to measure eloquent cortices are not yet standardized, simple tasks elicit reliable maps for planning neurosurgical procedures. A patient-specific paradigm design will refine the usability of fMR imaging for prognostication and recovery of function.