Short term GABA antagonist treatment improves long term sleep quality, memory, and decision-making in a Down syndrome mouse model.

Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition affecting people worldwide. It involves cognitive disabilities for which there are no drug therapies. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS shows cognitive impairment due to a reduction in neuron number and connectivity as well as excessive neuronal activity, as GABA antagonist treatment restores memory in these mice.

Direct effects of Xenorhabdus spp. cell-free supernatant on Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants and its impact on entomopathogenic nematodes.

Entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus spp. bacteria, symbiont of the nematode Steinernema spp., shows potential for mitigating agricultural pests and diseases through bioactive compound production.

Proposed Recommendations for the Management of Depression in Adults with Epilepsy: An Expert Consensus.

Introduction: Experts agree that there is a need for protocols to guide health professionals on how to best manage psychiatric comorbidities in patients with epilepsy (PWE). We aimed to develop practical recommendations for key issues in the management of depression in PWE.

Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in four steps: (1) development of a questionnaire on the management of depression in PWE to be answered; (2) literature review and, if evidence from guidelines/consensus or systematic reviews was available, drafting initial recommendations; (3) a nominal group methodology for reviewing initial recommendations and formulating new recommendations on those issues without available evidence; and (4) drafting and approving the final recommendations.

Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on liver transplant recipients. A single center observational study.

Background: the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown on liver transplant (LT) patients remains unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of LT patients during the lockdown period.

Methods: a web-based questionnaire was emailed to 238 LT patients undergoing regular follow-up at our unit between August and October 2020.

Epigenetics modifications and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The EPIOSA study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological and animal models studies generate hypotheses for innovative strategies in OSA management by interfering intermediates mechanisms associated with cardiovascular complications. We have thus initiated the Epigenetics modification in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (EPIOSA) study (ClinicalTrials.

Early intervention in bipolar disorder: the Jano program at Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla.

Unlabelled: In order to improve relapse and recurrence prevention in bipolar disorder, the purposes of this paper are: (i) to summarize the evidence published on treatments for this disorder, particularly on psychological interventions in its early phases; (ii) to provide a description of the Jano Intervention and Research Program on the Early Phases of Bipolar Disorder, which is being developed at Valdecilla Hospital (Santander, Spain). Firstly, we review the data from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews regarding four psychotherapies proven to be effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder: psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy. Secondly, we display a systematic review on the effectiveness of psychological therapies during the early stage of bipolar disorder.

Correlation of findings in advanced MRI techniques with global severity scales in patients with Parkinson disease.

Rationale And Objectives: This work is aimed at determining whether magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may correlate with disease severity in a series of Parkinson disease (PD) patients.

Materials And Methods: We recruited a consecutive sample of 39 PD patients in several stages of the disease according to Hoehn and Yahr scale. There were 22 men, and the mean age was 74.

Cross validation with the mood disorder questionnaire (MDQ) of an instrument for the detection of hypomania in Spanish: the 32 item hypomania symptom check list (HCL-32).

Background: The detection and diagnosis of present or past hypomanic episodes is of key importance for the differential diagnosis between depressive disorders and type II bipolar disorder. However, there are few instruments available to satisfactorily screen for the latter condition. The Hypomania Symptom Checklist-32 (HCL-32) is a self-applied questionnaire with 32 hypomania items and 8 severity and functional impact items which is being developed in several European countries for this purpose.

Diagnostic Accuracy in the First 5 min of a Psychiatric Interview. Impact of the information given by patients.

Background: There is little if any research on the explicit contents delivered by patients in the first minutes of a psychiatric interview.

Methods: In order to study the impact of the first minutes of a psychiatric interview on final diagnosis, we gathered information from the speech during the first 5 min in 162 new psychiatric patients with a checklist including symptoms extracted from the SCAN interview.

Results: The area reported most frequently was life events (51.

[The recognition of mental disease in primary health care and its determining factors].

Aims: It is known that recognition of mental illness by the General Practitioner (GP) is low. The GP usually identify less than a half of these cases. Our aim has been to study the prevalence of mental disorders in Primary Care, and to analyse the influence of several variables over the identification of mental illness by the GP.

[Mental health in primary care: a bibliometric study].

Objective: The quantification and analysis of the studies published in the journal Atención Primaria on mental health since it first came out up to the present.

Design: A descriptive study based on the review of the journal's tables of contents.

Setting: All the studies published in the journal between 1984 and 1995.

Pathways to psychiatric care in Cantabria.

This article delineates the pathways taken in different health areas of Cantabria (Spain) by a series of newly referred patients to the mental health services and explores the influence of sociodemographic, medical and service-related factors on the delays in referral. The work forms part of an ongoing World Health Organization multicentre research programme aimed at exploring and optimizing the quality of mental health care in different centres of the world. We found that, in a rural health area, the majority of newly referred patients establish the first contact with the general practitioner and to a lesser extent with the hospital doctor and from there directly progress to the psychiatric services; in the urban health area there is a greater tendency to contact specialized medical and psychiatric services.

[Factors implicated in the "routes of care" in mental health].

We analyze in this paper the way in which different sociodemographic and clinical factors influence, in different health areas of Cantabria (Spain), the pathways taken for patients suffering from "new psychiatric illness". The work is part of a Multicentric International Research Project developed by the World Health Organization aimed at evaluating and improving the quality of mental health care in different centres of the world. The general pathway to mental health services, in Cantabria, is dominated by the general practitioner (54.

Why people with probable minor psychiatric morbidity consult a doctor.

This epidemiological investigation examines factors determining medical consultation in people with probable minor psychiatric morbidity. About 54% of people with probable minor psychiatric morbidity and about 23% of the (numerically much greater) remainder with lower probability of psychiatric morbidity consulted a doctor, usually a primary care physician, in the two weeks prior to a research interview. Medical consultation rates were higher in females than in males.

Patterns of psychotropic drug use in a Spanish rural community.

Psychotropic drug use was investigated using a two-stage survey of a random sample of persons aged 17 and over from a rural Spanish community. It was found that 6.9%, 11.

Psychiatric morbidity among medical out-patients in Spain: a case for new methods of classification.

A study was carried out to document the psychiatric disturbances among consecutive first-day attenders to an internal medicine out-patient clinic in Spain. Subjects were interviewed in three different stages using standardized procedures, basically the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). As hypothesized, the rate of disturbances was high (46.

Validity of the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a Spanish population.

This study confirms the validity of a Spanish version of the General Health Questionnaire in its scaled 28-item version. The screening instrument was tested on a sample of 100 patients attending an internal medicine out-patient clinic, who were examined independently by psychiatrists standardized in the use of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). The questionnaire correctly identified 85% of 'cases' with a cutting score of 6/7 (sensitivity 76.