Pharmacokinetic parameters of CAZ-AVI in the normal lung and in models of pneumonia: lessons for treatment optimization in critical care.

The spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections is a significant issue for worldwide public health. Gram-negative organisms regularly develop resistance to antibiotics, especially to β-lactam antimicrobials, which can drastically restrict the number of therapies. A third-generation cephalosporin and the non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam, which exhibits broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibition , are combined to form ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI).

Clinical results with the use of ceftaroline and ceftobiprole: real-life experience in a tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole show activity against resistant Gram-positive cocci as well as good tolerability and are increasingly used in diverse infections. No comparative data on the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline and ceftobiprole in real-life are available.

Methods: In this single-centre, observational, retrospective clinical study, the outcomes of patients treated with ceftaroline or ceftobiprole in our hospital were compared, assessing clinical data, use and drug exposure of study antibiotics, and outcomes.

CEFTO-CURE study: CEFTObiprole Clinical Use in Real-lifE - a multi-centre experience in Italy.

Background: Ceftobiprole is approved in Europe for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in adults. Real-world data are limited.

Methods: This multi-centre, observational, ambispective investigator-initiated study was undertaken in Italy from January 2018 to December 2019 in order to evaluate the use of ceftobiprole in a real-world setting.

Evidence-Based Treatment of Infections: A Critical Reappraisal.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) is emerging as a major threat related to adverse patient outcomes. The goal of this review is to describe evidence-based empiric and targeted treatment regimens that can be exploited when dealing with suspected or confirmed infections due to MDR/XDR . has inherent resistance to many drug classes, the capacity to form biofilms, and most importantly, the ability to quickly acquire resistance to ongoing treatments.

Clinical efficacy and safety of cefiderocol for resistant Gram-negative infections: a real-life, single-centre experience.

Objectives: Cefiderocol is a 'siderophore' cephalosporin active against Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant strains. Data on the use of cefiderocol in real life are limited. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of cefiderocol in the context of our hospital clinical practice.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of MDR/XDR Bacterial Infections in a Neuromuscular Semi-Intensive/Sub-Intensive Care Unit.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics of multidrug-resistant infections in a neuromuscular semi-intensive/sub-intensive care unit; (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis on data from 18 patients with NMD with proven MDRO/XDRO colonisation/infection from August 2021 to March 2022 was carried out; (3) Results: Ten patients were males (55.6%), with a median age of 54 years, and there were fourteen patients (77.8%) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Dissecting the correlates of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide in acute infective endocarditis.

Purpose: To explore the prognostic value and the correlates of NT-proBNP in patients with acute infective endocarditis, a life-threatening disease, with an often unpredictable outcome given by the lack of reliable prognostic parameters.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 337 patients admitted to our centre between January 1, 2006 and September 30, 2020 with available NT-proBNP level at admission. Our analyses were performed considering NT-proBNP as both a categorical variable, using the median value as the cut-off level, and numerical variable.

Visceral Leishmaniasis and Herpes Zoster as a Component of Syndrome of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in an HIV-Positive Patient.

Immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) is a state of unusual hyperinflammatory response against latent infections which occurs after CD4 cell count improvement and as a consequence of immune response once highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV is introduced. Leishmania parasites and varicella zoster virus (VZV) may be a manifestation of IRIS, but few data exist in literature in particular regarding Leishmania parasites. .

Prognostic Value of Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Infective Endocarditis.

(1) Background: Simple parameters to be used as early predictors of prognosis in infective endocarditis (IE) are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and also of total-cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides, in relation to clinical features and mortality, in IE. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of observational data from 127 consecutive patients with a definite diagnosis of IE between 2016 and 2019.

Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of Hemostasis Parameters in 337 Patients with Acute Infective Endocarditis.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance and prognostic role of the main hemostasis parameters in infective endocarditis (IE): prothrombin time as international normalized ratio (PT-INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, D-dimers, platelet count, homocysteine. (2) Methods: We studied 337 patients with IE. Clinical, hemato-chemical and echocardiography parameters were analyzed.

Risk Factors and Outcome of Multidrug-Resistant Infections after Heart Transplant: A Contemporary Single Center Experience.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) bacterial infections in heart transplant (HT) patients within three months after surgery and its impact on patient outcome. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical, hemato-chemical, imaging, treatment and outcome data from 47 heart transplant recipients from January 2016 to December 2018. MDR/XDR infections were compared to non-MDR/XDR and noninfected patients.

Effect of immunosuppression maintenance in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of continuing immune suppressive therapy in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of data on 202 SOTR with COVID-19, published as case reports or case series. We extracted clinical, hemato-chemical, imaging, treatment, and outcome data.

Multidrug-Resistant Infections and Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single Center Experience.

The aim of this study was to assess the drivers of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection development in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on patient outcome. Retrospective analysis on data from 32 consecutive patients with COVID-19, admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) from March to May 2020. Outcomes considered were MDR infection and ICU mortality.

Dalbavancin for infective endocarditis: a single centre experience.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease, mostly caused by gram-positive cocci, needing a 4-6 weeks antibiotic course. Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide active on gram-positive microorganisms, with a unique pharmacokinetic profile. We describe our experience with dalbavancin to complete the intravenous antibiotic regimen for difficult-to-treat IE cases due to gram-positive bacteria.

Enterococcal infective endocarditis is a marker of current occult or future incident colorectal neoplasia.

Background: Few studies suggest an association between Enterococcal infective endocarditis (EIE) and colorectal disease, including colorectal neoplasia (CRN) and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we analyze differences in prevalence, risk factors and outcome of CRN and CRC between EIE and Streptococcus gallolyticus infective endocarditis (SGIE).

Methods: Single center, observational study of 166 patients with definite EIE or SGIE.

Real-life experience with ceftobiprole in a tertiary-care hospital.

Objectives: Ceftobiprole is a new therapeutic option for bacterial pneumonia, with activity against most antimicrobial-resistant Gram-positive cocci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Data on the use of ceftobiprole in real life are limited. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of ceftobiprole in a context of a hospital practice.