Risk factors & perinatal outcomes of major depression during pregnancy: A population-based study during 2010-2020 in two major cities of Pakistan.

Introduction: Ever since the world came into being different factors and circumstances contributed in a deteriorating fashion to mental health, and depression is the commonest of mental disturbance and incapability. We aimed to identify the risk factors for perinatal outcomes of maternal depression.

Methods: Data extracted was from two important cities of Pakistan i.

Comparison of efficacy three-site versus single-site steroid injections for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.

Background: Frozen shoulder or adhesion capsulitis is a frequent ailment that causes pain and progressively restricts both active and passive shoulder motions. It is estimated that it affects 2%-5% of the general population and up to 20% of diabetes mellitus patients.We aimed to compare the effectiveness of three-site steroid injections against one-site injections in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.

Outcomes of Continuous Enteral Vancomycin Infusion in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Novel Treatment Modality for Severe Clostridium Difficile Colitis.

Background and objective Severe infection (CDI)-related colitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines recommend oral vancomycin plus intravenous metronidazole as the first-line treatment and early total colectomy in case of medication failure. In critically ill patients at high surgical risk and with multiple comorbidities, loop ileostomy creation and enteral vancomycin infusion have been employed albeit with limited success.

Assessment of physicians' knowledge to combat obesity in Bangladesh.

Objective: Physicians need to play a proactive role to combat obesity and its associated comorbidities. The present survey was conducted to assess the awareness, knowledge, practice and attitude of the physicians in Bangladesh in the prevention and management of obesity.

Methods: Three hundred physicians were randomly selected from a medical university, a government medical college and a private medical college in Bangladesh to be included in this survey.

Biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy overweight subjects in Bangladesh.

Biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases were assessed in Bangladeshi overweight subjects categorized by Asian BMI criteria. After screening 300 people, 90 apparently healthy subjects were enrolled and grouped into normal weight, overweight and obese. Compared to normal weight, the overweight and obese groups showed significant elevation of serum triglyceride, insulin, homocysteine, insulin resistance/sensitivity, and atherogenic index of plasma.

Relationship of Soluble RAGE with Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Function during Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study examined whether circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) alter in prediabetes and correlate with insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell function in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects without previous history of diabetes were recruited and grouped as control, prediabetes, and newly diagnosed T2DM. The control subjects (n = 40) and people with prediabetes (n = 52) and diabetes (n = 66) were similar in terms of age, sex, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, and fasting insulin level.

Prevalence and correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among married women in rural Bangladesh.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among married rural women with a history of at least one pregnancy in Madaripur, Bangladesh.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using an interviewer administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. All women living in the study area, aged 18 years and above with at least one pregnancy in their lifetime, who were on the electoral roll and agreed to participate were included in the study.

Is serum zinc level associated with prediabetes and diabetes?: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh.

Aims: To determine serum zinc level and other relevant biological markers in normal, prediabetic and diabetic individuals and their association with Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2009. Any patient aged ≥ 30 years attending the medicine outpatient department of a medical university hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh and who had a blood glucose level ordered by a physician was eligible to participate.

Serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is independently associated with cigarette smoking in non-diabetic healthy subjects.

This study was designed to explore the relationship between serum levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and cigarette smoking in non-diabetic healthy subjects. A total of 98 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy male subjects were recruited. A fasting blood sample and medical history including detail history of cigarette smoking was collected.

Zinc concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid simultaneously decrease in children with febrile seizure: findings from a prospective study in Bangladesh.

Objective: Since the underlying mechanisms of febrile seizure (FS) having multi-factorial aetiology yet remains unclear, we conducted this prospectively designed cross-sectional study to determine if there was any simultaneous change in zinc (Zn) concentration (conc.) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among the FS children in comparison to their matched non-seizure febrile (NSF) peers.

Methods: Zn concentration (level) in both serum (intravenous blood) and CSF (lumber puncture: LP) of 50 children with FS and 30 NSF peers (serving as control) were measured employing graphite furnace atomic absorbance spectrophotometer.

Determinants of insulin secretion and sensitivity in bangladeshi type 2 diabetic subjects.

Background: The relative contribution of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vary from population to population due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. The study was undertaken to evaluate the insulin secretory capacity and sensitivity in a Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic population and to explore the association of some of the anthropometric (BMI, WHR, MBP) and biochemical factors (glucose, lipids, HbA(1c)) known to modulate B-cell function and insulin action.

Methods: Ninety three T2DM and 70 age-matched control subjects were studied for their fasting glucose, lipids, HbA(1c) (by HPLC) and C-peptide (by ELISA).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts among rickshaw drivers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

This paper describes findings from a recently completed study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure among city dwellers of Dhaka, Bangladesh. We measured PAH-DNA adducts in white blood cells (WBCs) as a marker of environmental and occupational PAH exposure in 46 rickshaw drivers (who pedal commercial unshielded three-wheelers for passenger transport) and 48 non-rickshaw drivers (comparison group) in Dhaka city. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify immunologically the WBC PAH-DNA adducts.