Safety of 1 mcg/mL as the starting dose in cluster protocol for hymenoptera immunotherapy.

Background: Hymenoptera venom allergy is a potentially severe allergic reaction in the general population. The only preventative approach in these cases is venom immunotherapy (VIT), which follows different protocols. The recommended initial dose is 0.

The role of molecular diagnosis in anaphylactic patients with dual or triple-sensitization to Hymenoptera venoms.

Background: The poly-sensitization to Hymenoptera venom makes it difficult to select genuine allergens for immunotherapy and increases patients' costs. The objective of this study was to determine the culprit allergen in dual or triple-sensitized patients to three Hymenoptera venoms through molecular diagnosis and evaluating the results of incorporating the molecular diagnosis with skin tests.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with anaphylactic reactions and dual or triple-sensitization to Hymenoptera venoms in skin tests entered this study.

Immune endotyping and gene expression profile of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and the non-AERD subgroups.

Background: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a paranasal sinus inflammatory disease and is divided into two subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSwNP displays a T helper (Th)2 biased phenotype, and based on sensitivity or tolerance to aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), is further subdivided into Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and non-AERD groups. Considering the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in patients with CRSwNP, particularly the AERD subtype, and the significance of endotyping in these patients, we examined the immune profile and endotyping based on gene expression analysis in the AERD and the non-AERD groups of patients with CRSwNP.

Asthma Management System in Primary Care Based on Global Initiative for Asthma and Snell's Drug Interaction: Accuracy and Usability.

Background: The two main pillars of asthma management include regular follow-up and using guidelines in the treatment process. Patient portals enable regular follow-up of disease, and guideline-based decision-support-systems can improve the use of guidelines in the treatment process. Based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and Snell's drug interaction, asthma management system in primary care (AMSPC) includes the capabilities of both mentioned systems.

Doxycycline Improves Quality of Life and Anosmia in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex disorder and effective treatment remains a major challenge. Some antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties are reported to have potential to be used as an adjunct therapy in the management of chronic airway inflammation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in CRSwNP.

Diversity of malignancies in patients with different types of inborn errors of immunity.

Genetic defects in the development, maturation, and/or function of the immune cells can lead to Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which may predispose patients to malignancies. The overall risk for cancer in children with IEI ranges from 4 to 25% and the type of malignancy is highly dependent on the specific mutant gene underlying IEI. We investigated 3056 IEI patients registered in the Iranian national registry between the years 1999 and 2020 in this retrospective cohort study.

The Uncomplicated Course of COVID-19 in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients: A Report of 14 Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe viral pneumonia. CVID patients with COVID-19 infection are not adequately studied.

The Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy in Patients with Sesame Anaphylaxis using Omalizumab.

Objective: Sesame allergy is the most prevalent allergy to seeds. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is defined as continuous consumption of an allergen at special doses and time. Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) increases tolerance to allergens used in OIT.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with novel mutation in the RAC2 gene: a case report.

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare demyelinating disease that is often secondary to lytic destruction of oligodendrocytes and, to a lesser extent, to astrocytes' response to human neurotrophic John Cunningham polyomavirus. Any underlying congenital disorder of primary or secondary immunodeficiency may predispose to virus infection and possible invasion of the brain. We present the first reported case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to a mutation in the RAC2 gene.

Atopy Patch Test in the Diagnosis of Food Allergens in Infants with Allergic Proctocolitis Compared with Elimination/Introduction C.

Allergic proctocolitis is a cell-dependent food allergy that is present in both breast and formula-fed infants. The presence of blood with different amounts in the stool is the main manifestation of the disease. Different results have been published on the accuracy and specificity of the atopic patch test (APT).

Adverse reactions in a large cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity receiving intravenous immunoglobulin.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are the major treatment in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) disorders; However, IVIg infusions show some adverse effects. We aimed to assess the adverse reactions of IVIg infusions.

Methods: Data of IVIg infusions in IEI patients were collected from 2011 to 2021.

High Level of IgG4 in a Patient with Extensive Pulmonary Involvement.

Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease that has been proposed as a separate entity since the beginning of this century. The disease is often manifested by increased serum IgG4 levels and certain histopathological manifestations. The patient mentioned in this article is a 29-year-old man from Tajikistan, who has had a chronic cough since the beginning of 2018 without a previous history of the disease.

The Effect of Aspirin on Moderate to Severe Asthmatic Patients with Aspirin Hypersensitivity, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, and Nasal Polyposis.

Asthmatic patients may have aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and experience acute dyspnea and nasal symptoms within 3 hours after the ingestion of aspirin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and outcome of daily low-dose aspirin in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in patients with concomitant aspirin hypersensitivity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This clinical trial was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 on 46 adult patients with moderate to severe asthma accompanied by CRSwNP.

Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Region Instability, and Facial Anomalies Syndrome (ICF) in a Boy with Variable Clinical and Immunological Presentations.

Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent infections and low immunoglobulin levels due to variable combined immunodeficiency, and centromeric region instability, and facial dysmorphism. We describe a 12-year-old boy with recurrent respiratory tract infections, facial anomalies, scoliosis, and psychomotor retardation. He had recurrent pneumonia with low serum IgG and IgM levels during infancy and preschool age.

Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia: a Case Report.

Unlabelled: Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare idiopathic interstitial lung disease, predominantly observed in females. Eosinophilia is present in most cases, and alveolar eosinophilia is a diagnostic criterion in more than 40% of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. The current study reported a 27-year-old male patient, non-smoker, with a history of uncontrolled asthma, presented to the emergency room with a complaint of cough, fever, and moderate dyspnea.

Autoimmune manifestations among 461 patients with monogenic inborn errors of immunity.

Background: The inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders mainly characterized by severe and recurrent infections besides other complications including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical, immunologic, and molecular data of monogenic IEI patients with and without autoimmune manifestations.

Methods: We have retrospectively screened cases of monogenic IEI in the Iranian PID registry for the occurrence of autoimmunity and immune dysregulation.

Periodic Severe Angioedema without Exogenous Hormone Exposure.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is characterized by recurrent attacks of skin and mucosal swelling in any part of the body including the digestive and respiratory tract which generally improve spontaneously within 12-72 hours. The underlying mechanism in HAE is related to bradykinin dysregulation which causes these attacks not to respond to common treatment strategies including epinephrine/corticosteroid or adrenaline. There are several types of HAE with different etiology but with the same clinical picture.

A Case of Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis Induced by Aspirin Therapy.

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease that may be triggered by some diseases and medications. For the latter one, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been identified as one of the potential causative agents to develop LABD. Here, a rare case of drug-induced LABD is introduced.

Aspirin Sensitivity in Patients with Moderate to Severe Asthma.

Asthma induced by ingestion of aspirin occurs when symptoms arise within 30 minutes to three hours after aspirin consumption. Previous data indicate that sensitivity to aspirin may be associated with poorly controlled asthma. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of aspirin sensitivity in patients with moderate to severe asthma receiving conventional asthma therapy.