Investigating symmetrical influence of economic expansion, oil price, and industrial production on trade deficit: a policy pathway toward three neighboring Asian states.

The intense objective of the present study is to investigate the symmetrical effectiveness of economic expansion, inflation rate, oil price, interest rate, and industrial production on trade deficit of the three neighboring states (China, Pakistan, and India). Westerlund bootstrap LM (Lagrange multiplier) panel co-integration test, Dumitrescu Herlin method, PMG-ARDL model, quantile regression, and quarterly data of last 15 years (2006Q1 to 2020Q4) have been utilized to envisage outcomes. Initial measurements validate the existence of stable co-integration and uni-directional causality among variables.

Comparison of the learning of two notations: A pilot study.

Introduction: MICAP is a new notation in which the teeth are indicated by letters (I-incisor, C-canine, P-premolar, M-molar) and numbers [1,2,3] which are written superscript and subscript on the relevant letters. FDI tooth notation is a two digit system where one digit shows quadrant and the second one shows the tooth of the quadrant. This study aimed to compare the short term retention of knowledge of two notation systems (FDI two digit system and MICAP notation) by lecture method.

Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Is conversion a sensible option?

Objective: To assess the overall impact of conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy.

Methods: The observational descriptive study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro, Pakistan, and various private hospitals in the same town by the same surgeon from June 2011 to June 2013. All patients over 20 years of age and of either gender with symptomatic gallstone disease admitted and operated by laparoscopic technique were included.

Biliary bypass surgery - Analysis of indications & outcome of different procedures.

Objectives: This study reports the indications and outcome of various biliary bypass surgical procedures from a single centre over a period of 10 years.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 10 years (January 2001-december 2010). A total of 1500 patients were included, who underwent pancreatico-biliary surgery due to common bile duct (CBD) stones, congenital anomalies of biliary tree, unoperable pancreatico-biliary malignancies, CBD strictures and cases who developed iatrogenic biliary injuries during cholecystectomy (both open & laproscopic) during this period of time.

Diagnostic laparoscopic findings in chronic pelvic pain.

Objective: To assess the cause of pain on diagnostic laparoscopy in women with chronic pelvic pain and equivocal clinical and ultrasound examination.

Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Red Crescent General Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh, from January 2007 to December 2009.

Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of extra hepatic biliary system encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective: To assess the frequency of anatomical variations of extrahepatic biliary system in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: This is an observational study performed in the Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro for a period of four years from January 2004 to December 2007. All diagnosed patients of cholelithiasis undergoing routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy were assessed for anatomical/congenital extra hepatic biliary and vascular anomalies.