A Review on Risk Factors, Traditional Diagnostic Techniques, and Biomarkers for Pneumonia Prognostication and Management in Diabetic Patients.

People of all ages can contract pneumonia, and it can cause mild to severe disease and even death. In addition to being a major cause of death for elderly people and those with prior medical conditions such as diabetes, it isthe world's biggest infectious cause of death for children. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition with a high glucose level and is a leading cause of lower limb amputation, heart attacks, strokes, blindness, and renal failure.

Investigating the Role of Hub Calcification Proteins in Atherosclerosis via Integrated Transcriptomics and Network-Based Approach.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arteries, characterized by plaque formation that can restrict blood flow and lead to potentially fatal cardiovascular events. Given that AS is responsible for a quarter of global deaths, this study aimed to develop a systematic bioinformatics approach to identify biomarkers and regulatory targets involved in plaque development, with the goal of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. AS-specific mRNA expression profiles were retrieved from a publicly accessible database, followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification and AS-specific weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN) construction.

Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment.

Apigenin is a powerful flavone compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables, and it offers numerous health-promoting benefits. Many studies have evidenced that this compound has a potential role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, making it a promising candidate for reducing the risk of pathogenesis. It has also been found to positively affect various systems in the body, such as the respiratory, digestive, immune, and reproductive systems.

Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management.

The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (HO) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism.

Recent Updates of the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System: Novel Approaches to Regulate Its Spatiotemporal Control by Genetic and Physicochemical Strategies.

The genome editing approach by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a revolutionary advancement in genetic engineering. Owing to its simple design and powerful genome-editing capability, it offers a promising strategy for the treatment of different infectious, metabolic, and genetic diseases. The crystal structure of Cas9 (SpCas9) in complex with sgRNA and its target DNA at 2.

Pharmacological Potential of Kaempferol, a Flavonoid in the Management of Pathogenesis via Modulation of Inflammation and Other Biological Activities.

Natural products and their bioactive compounds have been used for centuries to prevent and treat numerous diseases. Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in vegetables, fruits, and spices, is recognized for its various beneficial properties, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This molecule has been identified as a potential means of managing different pathogenesis due to its capability to manage various biological activities.

Effects and Mechanisms of Luteolin, a Plant-Based Flavonoid, in the Prevention of Cancers via Modulation of Inflammation and Cell Signaling Molecules.

Luteolin, a flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables and fruits, including carrots, cabbages, onions, parsley, apples, broccoli, and peppers. Extensive research in vivo and in vitro has been performed to explore its role in disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, this compound possesses the ability to combat cancer by modulating cell-signaling pathways across various types of cancer.

Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin, a Bioactive Compound of Turmeric, in Prevention of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

This study evaluates the anti-diabetic potential and underlying mechanisms of curcumin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, negative control (diabetic group), diabetic group receiving glibenclamide (positive control group), and curcumin plus STZ (treatment group). The anti-diabetic activities of curcumin were examined at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight through physiological, biochemical, and histopathological analysis.

Role of Mangiferin in Management of Cancers through Modulation of Signal Transduction Pathways.

Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide in terms of mortality. The exact reason behind the development of cancer is not understood clearly, but it is evidenced that alcohol consumption, radiation, and exposure to chemicals are main players in this pathogenesis. The current mode of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are effective, but, still, cancer is a major problem leading to death and other side effects.

Innovative Strategies of Reprogramming Immune System Cells by Targeting CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome-Editing Tools: A New Era of Cancer Management.

The recent developments in the study of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system have revolutionized the art of genome-editing and its applications for cellular differentiation and immune response behavior. This technology has further helped in understanding the mysteries of cancer progression and possible designing of novel antitumor immunotherapies. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing is now often used to engineer universal T-cells, equipped with recombinant T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).

Exploring the role of miR-200 family in regulating CX3CR1 and CXCR1 in lung adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment: implications for therapeutic intervention.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common malignant subtype of lung cancer (LC). miR-200 family is one of the prime miR regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and worst overall survival (OS) in LC patients. The study aimed to identify and validate the key differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) regulated by miR-200 family which may serve for therapeutic aspects in LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) by affecting cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis.

Hesperidin, a Bioflavonoid in Cancer Therapy: A Review for a Mechanism of Action through the Modulation of Cell Signaling Pathways.

Cancer represents one of the most frequent causes of death in the world. The current therapeutic options, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy, have various adverse effects on patients' health. In this vista, the bioactive ingredient of natural products plays a vital role in disease management via the inhibition and activation of biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell signaling molecules.

Myricetin: A Significant Emphasis on Its Anticancer Potential via the Modulation of Inflammation and Signal Transduction Pathways.

Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide and main burden of the healthcare system. Regrettably, most of the currently used cancer treatment approaches such as targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery usually cause adverse complications including hair loss, bone density loss, vomiting, anemia and other complications. However, to overcome these limitations, there is an urgent need to search for the alternative anticancer drugs with better efficacy as well as less adverse complications.

Effects and Mechanisms of Kaempferol in the Management of Cancers through Modulation of Inflammation and Signal Transduction Pathways.

Cancer is the principal cause of death and its incidence is increasing continuously worldwide. Various treatment approaches are in practice to treat cancer, but these treatment strategies may be associated with severe side effects and also produce drug resistance. However, natural compounds have established their role in cancer management with minimal side effects.

Combined Multiomics and In Silico Approach Uncovers PRKAR1A as a Putative Therapeutic Target in Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.

Despite all epidemiological, clinical, and experimental research efforts, therapeutic concepts in sepsis and sepsis-induced multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) remain limited and unsatisfactory. Currently, gene expression data sets are widely utilized to discover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diseases. In the present study, we analyzed MODS expression profiles (comprising 13 sepsis and 8 control samples) retrieved from NCBI-GEO and found 359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 170 were downregulated and 189 were upregulated.

MicroRNAs as master regulators of FOXO transcription factors in cancer management.

MicroRNAs are critical regulators of the plethora of genes, including FOXO "forkhead" dependent transcription factors, which are bonafide tumour suppressors. The FOXO family members modulate a hub of cellular processes like apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, ROS detoxification, and longevity. Aberrant expression of FOXOs in human cancers has been observed due to their down-regulation by diverse microRNAs, which are predominantly involved in tumour initiation, chemo-resistance and tumour progression.

Quercetin, a Plant Flavonol Attenuates Diabetic Complications, Renal Tissue Damage, Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by increased glucose levels, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, and frequently decreased insulin levels. The current research was carried out for eight consecutive weeks to evaluate the possible reno-protective effects of quercetin (50 mg/kg b.w.

Integrative Multiomics and Regulatory Network Analyses Uncovers the Role of OAS3, TRAFD1, miR-222-3p, and miR-125b-5p in Hepatitis E Virus Infection.

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a long-ignored virus that has spread globally with time. It ranked 6th among the top risk-ranking viruses with high zoonotic spillover potential; thus, considering its viral threats is a pressing priority. The molecular pathophysiology of HEV infection or the underlying cause is limited.

Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization via Lipid Nanoparticles Mediated Delivery of Anti-Prostaglandin-E2 siRNA.

Pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization is crucial in acute inflammatory diseases like Acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is believed to promote inflammation in such cases. Therefore, our study aimed to deliver anti-prostaglandin E synthase 2 small interfering RNA antibodies (anti-PGE2-siRNA) through lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in RAW264.

The Potential Role of Fisetin, a Flavonoid in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.

Cancer is a main culprit and the second-leading cause of death worldwide. The current mode of treatment strategies including surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be effective, but cancer is still considered a major cause of death. Plant-derived products or their purified bioactive compounds have confirmed health-promoting effects as well as cancer-preventive effects.

The Multifaceted Role of Baicalein in Cancer Management through Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathways.

The roles of medicinal plants or their purified bioactive compounds have attracted attention in the field of health sciences due to their low toxicity and minimal side effects. Baicalein is an active polyphenolic compound, isolated from and plays a significant role in the management of different diseases. Epidemiologic studies have proven that there is an inverse association between baicalein consumption and disease severity.