Metabolomic Profile Alterations Associated with the Risk Haplotype Following a Lifestyle Intervention in People With Prediabetes.

Background: A risk haplotype in characterized by alterations in fatty acid metabolism emerged as a genetic risk factor associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexican population. Its role on treatment responses is not well understood.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the impact of the risk haplotype on the metabolomic profile during a lifestyle intervention (LSI).

Smoking, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality in individuals with diabetes in Mexico: an analysis of the Mexico city prospective study.

Objective: Evidence from low- and middle-income countries regarding the effect of smoking in people with diabetes is lacking. Here, we report the association of smoking with mortality in a large cohort of Mexican adults with diabetes.

Methods: Participants with diabetes mellitus (self-reported diagnosis, use of antidiabetic medications or HbA1c ≥ 6.

Prediabetes as a risk factor for all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective analysis of 115,919 adults without diabetes in Mexico City.

Background: Prediabetes has been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, no large-scale studies have been conducted in Mexico or Latin America examining these associations.

Methods: We analyzed data from 115,919 adults without diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) aged 35-84 years who participated in the Mexico City Prospective Study between 1998 and 2004.

Diabetes subgroups and sociodemographic inequalities in Mexico: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys from 2016 to 2022.

Background: Differences in the prevalence of four diabetes subgroups have been reported in Mexico compared to other populations, but factors that may contribute to these differences are poorly understood. Here, we estimate the prevalence of diabetes subgroups in Mexico and evaluate their correlates with indicators of social disadvantage using data from national representative surveys.

Methods: We analyzed serial, cross-sectional Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys spanning 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022, including 23,354 adults (>20 years).

Insulin resistance potentiates the effect of remnant cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality in individuals without diabetes.

Background And Aims: Remnant cholesterol (RC) and insulin resistance (IR) have been independently associated with cardiovascular risk. Here, we evaluated the role of IR and RC on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of 16,113 individuals ≥20 years without diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III/IV).

Performance of the enhanced Sampson-NIH equation for VLDL-C and LDL-C in a population with familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Introduction: Low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) has long been estimated by the Friedewald formula (F-LDL-C); however, this method underestimates LDL-C in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) or low LDL-C levels. The Martin (M-LDL-C) and Sampson (S-LDL-C) formulas partially resolve these limitations. Recently, Sampson et al.

Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico.

Background: With the widespread transmission of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, reinfections have become increasingly common. Here, we explored the role of immunity, primary infection severity, and variant predominance in the risk of reinfection and severe COVID-19 during Omicron predominance in Mexico.

Methods: We analyzed reinfections in Mexico in individuals with a primary infection separated by at least 90 days from reinfection using a national surveillance registry of SARS-CoV-2 cases from March 3rd, 2020, to August 13th, 2022.

Effectiveness of a nationwide COVID-19 vaccination program in Mexico against symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalizations, and death: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data.

Objectives: Vaccination has been effective in ameliorating the impact of COVID-19. Here, we report vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the nationally available COVID-19 vaccines in Mexico.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a COVID-19 surveillance system to assess the VE of the BNT162b2, messenger RNA (mRNA)-12732, Gam-COVID-Vac, Ad5-nCoV, Ad26.

AnthropoAge, a novel approach to integrate body composition into the estimation of biological age.

Aging is believed to occur across multiple domains, one of which is body composition; however, attempts to integrate it into biological age (BA) have been limited. Here, we consider the sex-dependent role of anthropometry for the prediction of 10-year all-cause mortality using data from 18,794 NHANES participants to generate and validate a new BA metric. Our data-driven approach pointed to sex-specific contributors for BA estimation: WHtR, arm and thigh circumferences for men; weight, WHtR, thigh circumference, subscapular and triceps skinfolds for women.

Socio-demographic inequalities and excess non-COVID-19 mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a data-driven analysis of 1 069 174 death certificates in Mexico.

Background: In 2020, Mexico experienced one of the highest rates of excess mortality globally. However, the extent of non-COVID deaths on excess mortality, its regional distribution and the association between socio-demographic inequalities have not been characterized.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective municipal and individual-level study using 1 069 174 death certificates to analyse COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths classified by ICD-10 codes.

Arterial Stiffness and HbA1c: Association Mediated by Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Adults.

Arterial stiffness may be associated with glucose metabolism parameters, such as HbA1c, mainly via insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the association between arterial stiffness and HbA1c and explore the mediator effect of insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study, arterial stiffness (pulse-wave velocity; PWV), HbA1c, and insulin resistance (METS-IR) were determined in Hispanic adults.

Physiological Network Is Disrupted in Severe COVID-19.

The human body is a complex system maintained in homeostasis thanks to the interactions between multiple physiological regulation systems. When faced with physical or biological perturbations, this system must react by keeping a balance between adaptability and robustness. The SARS-COV-2 virus infection poses an immune system challenge that tests the organism's homeostatic response.

Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Increased COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Independent of Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to infectious disease. In this study, the association between COVID-19 outcomes and vitamin D levels in patients attending a COVID-19 reference center in Mexico City are examined.

Association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in Mexican patients without type 2 diabetes.

Background: Central aortic arterial stiffness (CAAS) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to CAAS-associated risk.

Objective: To evaluate the association between IR and CAAS in a Mexican population without diabetes.

Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is associated with increased COVID-19 severity and mortality.

Background: Increased adiposity and visceral obesity have been linked to adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The amount of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may have relevant implications given its proximity to the heart and lungs. Here, we explored the role of EAT in increasing the risk for COVID-19 adverse outcomes.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Impact of Sociodemographic Inequalities on Adverse Outcomes and Excess Mortality During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Mexico City.

Background: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Mexico City has been sharp, as several social inequalities at all levels coexist. Here we conducted an in-depth evaluation of the impact of individual and municipal-level social inequalities on the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City.

Methods: We analyzed suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases, from the Mexico City Epidemiological Surveillance System from 24 February 2020 to 31 March 2021.

Comparative assessment of LDL-C and VLDL-C estimation in familial combined hyperlipidemia using Sampson's, Martin's and Friedewald's equations.

Background: Sampson et al. developed a novel method to estimate very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the setting of hypertriglyceridemia. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common primary dyslipidemia in which lipoprotein composition interferes with LDL-C estimation.

Natural course of metabolically healthy phenotype and risk of developing Cardiometabolic diseases: a three years follow-up study.

Background: Whether the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is a single, stable or a transitional, fluctuating state is currently unknown. The Mexican-Mestizo population has a genetic predisposition for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiometabolic complications. Little is known about the natural history of metabolic health in this population.