Synergistic neurological threat from Сu and wood smoke particulate matter.

Trace metal Cu and carbonaceous airborn particulate matter (PM) are dangerous neuropollutants. Here, the ability of Cu to modulate the neurotoxicity caused by water-suspended wood smoke PM preparations (SPs) and vice versa was examined using presynaptic rat cortex nerve terminals. Interaction of Cu and SPs, changes of particle size and surface properties were shown in the presence of Cu using microscopy, DLS, and IR spectroscopy.

Multipollutant reciprocal neurological hazard from smoke particulate matter and heavy metals cadmium and lead in brain nerve terminals.

Heavy metals, Cd and Pb, and carbonaceous air pollution particulate matter are hazardous neurotoxicants. Here, a capability of water-suspended smoke particulate matter preparations obtained from poplar wood (WPs) and polypropylene fibers (medical facemasks) (MPs) to influence Cd/Pb-induced neurotoxicity, and vice versa, was monitored using biological system, i.e.

Gastrointestinal health: changes of intestinal mucosa and microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome from PM-polluted regions of Ukraine.

Here, clinical studies of patients were conducted to assess changes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) associated with air pollution by PM. A comparative study of 100 patients with UC and 75 with IBS from highly (HPRs) and low (LPRs) PM-polluted regions of Ukraine was conducted. Biopsy of the intestinal mucosa of patients with UC from HPRs showed severe cellular infiltration.

A comparative study of wood sawdust and plastic smoke particulate matter with a focus on spectroscopic, fluorescent, oxidative, and neuroactive properties.

Here, water-suspended smoke aerosol preparation was synthesized from biomass-based fuel, i.e., a widespread product for residential heating, wood sawdust (WP) (pine, poplar, and birch mixture), and its properties were compared in parallel experiments with the smoke preparation from plastics (PP).

Plastic smoke aerosol: Nano-sized particle distribution, absorption/fluorescent properties, dysregulation of oxidative processes and synaptic transmission in rat brain nerve terminals.

Smoke from plastic waste incineration in an open air travels worldwide and is a major source of air pollution particulate matter (PM) that is very withstand to degradation and hazard to human health. Suspension of smoke aerosol components in water occurs during rains and fire extinguishing. Here, water-suspended plastic smoke aerosol (WPS) preparations suitable for biotesting were synthesized.

Effects of surface functionalization of hydrophilic NaYF nanocrystals doped with Eu on glutamate and GABA transport in brain synaptosomes.

Specific rare earth doped nanocrystals (NCs), a recent class of nanoparticles with fluorescent features, have great bioanalytical potential. Neuroactive properties of NaYF nanocrystals doped with Eu were assessed based on the analysis of their effects on glutamate- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport process in nerve terminals isolated from rat brain (synaptosomes). Two types of hydrophilic NCs were examined in this work: (i) coated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (ii) with OH groups at the surface.

Harmful impact on presynaptic glutamate and GABA transport by carbon dots synthesized from sulfur-containing carbohydrate precursor.

Carbon nanoparticles that may be potent air pollutants with adverse effects on human health often contain heteroatoms including sulfur. In order to study in detail their effects on different physiological and biochemical processes, artificially produced carbon dots (CDs) with well-controlled composition that allows fluorescence detection may be of great use. Having been prepared from different types of organic precursors, CDs expose different atoms at their surface suggesting a broad variation of functional groups.

Effect of O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin-modified magnetic nanoparticles on the uptake and extracellular level of l-glutamate in brain nerve terminals.

Changes in cholesterol concentration in the plasma membrane of presynaptic nerve terminals nonspecifically modulate glutamate transport and homeostasis in the central nervous system. Reduction of the cholesterol content in isolated rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes) using cholesterol-depleting agents decreases the glutamate uptake and increases the extracellular level of glutamate in nerve terminals. Extraction of cholesterol from the plasma membrane and its further removal from the synaptosomes by external magnetic field can be achieved by means of magnetic nanoparticles with immobilized cholesterol-depleting agent such as O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD).

Neuroactivity of detonation nanodiamonds: dose-dependent changes in transporter-mediated uptake and ambient level of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters in brain nerve terminals.

Background: Nanodiamonds are one of the most perspective nano-sized particles with superb physical and chemical properties, which are mainly composed of carbon sp(3) structures in the core with sp(2) and disorder/defect carbons on the surface. The research team recently demonstrated neuromodulatory properties of carbon nanodots with other than nanodiamonds hybridization types, i.e.

Putative duality of presynaptic events.

The main structure in the brain responsible not only for nerve signal transmission but also for its simultaneous regulation is chemical synapse, where presynaptic nerve terminals are of considerable importance providing release of neurotransmitters. Analyzing transport of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, the authors suggest that there are two main relatively independent mechanisms at the presynaptic level that can influence the extracellular glutamate concentration, and so signaling, and its regulation. The first one is well-known precisely regulated compound exocytosis of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters stimulated by membrane depolarization, which increases significantly glutamate concentration in the synaptic cleft and initiates glutamate signaling through postsynaptic glutamate receptors.

Neuromodulatory properties of fluorescent carbon dots: effect on exocytotic release, uptake and ambient level of glutamate and GABA in brain nerve terminals.

Carbon dots (C-dots), a recently discovered class of fluorescent nano-sized particles with pure carbon core, have great bioanalytical potential. Neuroactive properties of fluorescent C-dots obtained from β-alanine by microwave heating were assessed based on the analysis of their effects on the key characteristics of GABA- and glutamatergic neurotransmission in isolated rat brain nerve terminals. It was found that C-dots (40-800 μg/ml) in dose-dependent manner: (1) decreased exocytotic release of [(3)H]GABA and L-[(14)C]glutamate; (2) reduced acidification of synaptic vesicles; (3) attenuated the initial velocity of Na(+)-dependent transporter-mediated uptake of [(3)H]GABA and L-[(14)C]glutamate; (4) increased the ambient level of the neurotransmitters, nevertheless (5) did not change significantly the potential of the plasma membrane of nerve terminals.