Mitochondrial pyruvate transport regulates presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmission.

Glucose has long been considered the primary fuel source for the brain. However, glucose levels fluctuate in the brain during sleep, intense circuit activity, or dietary restrictions, posing significant metabolic stress. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian brain utilizes pyruvate as a fuel source, and pyruvate can support neuronal viability in the absence of glucose.

Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation.

Neurotransmission is an energetically expensive process that underlies cognition. During intense electrical activity or dietary restrictions, the glucose level in the brain plummets, forcing neurons to utilize alternative fuels. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal metabolic plasticity remain poorly understood.

Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation.

Unlabelled: Neurotransmission is an energetically expensive process that underlies cognition. During intense electrical activity or dietary restrictions, glucose levels in the brain plummet, forcing neurons to utilize alternative fuels. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal metabolic plasticity remain poorly understood.

Semiautomated analysis of an optical ATP indicator in neurons.

The firefly enzyme luciferase has been used in a wide range of biological assays, including bioluminescence imaging of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The biosensor Syn-ATP utilizes subcellular targeting of luciferase to nerve terminals for optical measurement of ATP in this compartment. Manual analysis of Syn-ATP signals is challenging due to signal heterogeneity and cellular motion in long imaging sessions.

Mitochondria in Neuronal Health: From Energy Metabolism to Parkinson's Disease.

Mitochondria are the main suppliers of neuronal adenosine triphosphate and play a critical role in brain energy metabolism. Mitochondria also serve as Ca sinks and anabolic factories and are therefore essential for neuronal function and survival. Dysregulation of neuronal bioenergetics is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease.

Surgical Approaches to Benign Parapharyngeal Space Tumors-5-Year Experience.

Introduction: Various surgical approaches to parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are introduced to obtain complete removal with the preservation of the surrounding structures in parapharyngealneoplasms. Here, we will discuss the main techniques and their outcome.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 78 patients undergone either transoral, transcervical or a combination of these two approaches for the resection of PSS tumors from January 2010 to January 2015.

Microglia heterogeneity and neurodegeneration: The emerging paradigm of the role of immunity in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia type affecting nearly 44 million people worldwide. Recent findings point to microglia as a significant contributor to neural development, neuroinflammation, and degeneration. Dysregulated immunoactivity in AD has been broadly studied, and current research on animal models enabled us to identify a new cluster of microglia (disease-associated microglia) alongside previously detected glial populations (e.

Stearoyl CoA Desaturase Is Essential for Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Tumor Growth in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells.

Inherent plasticity and various survival cues allow glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) to survive and proliferate under intrinsic and extrinsic stress conditions. Here, we report that GSCs depend on the adaptive activation of ER stress and subsequent activation of lipogenesis and particularly stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD1), which promotes ER homeostasis, cytoprotection, and tumor initiation. Pharmacological targeting of SCD1 is particularly toxic due to the accumulation of saturated fatty acids, which exacerbates ER stress, triggers apoptosis, impairs RAD51-mediated DNA repair, and achieves a remarkable therapeutic outcome with 25%-100% cure rate in xenograft mouse models.

Predictors of Thyroid Gland Invasion in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can invade the thyroid gland leading to unnecessary thyroidectomies with subsequent hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. Thus, clinicopathological variables should be defined in order to predict thyroid gland invasion preoperatively.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,465 patients with laryngeal SCC referred to our center between March 2009 and January 2016.

Comparing the length of penile mucosa in men with and without premature ejaculation.

Background: Premature ejaculation is one of the prevalent disorders in men; almost one out of three men between 18 and 59 years old have this disorder with its leading sequel such as lack of self-confidence, anxiety, depression and unsatisfactory intercourse in men and their partners. This study aimed to compare the length of penile mucosa in men with and without premature ejaculation.

Method: Three hundred and eighty patients referring to our hospital from March 2009 to March 2010 were enrolled in the study.