Systemic and Ocular Associations of Keratoconus.

Introduction: Keratoconus (KC) is the most prevalent corneal ectasia in the world and its pathogenesis is influenced by both ocular and systemic factors. This review explores the multifaceted associations between keratoconus and systemic health conditions, ocular characteristics, and various other environmental/exogenous factors, aiming to illuminate how these relationships influence the pathophysiology of the disease.

Areas Covered: This review will summarize the fundamental attributes of KC, review and discuss the systemic and ocular association of KC including molecular biomarkers, and provide an organized overview of the parallel alterations occurring within various biological pathways in KC.

Bimatoprost SR for Glaucoma Therapy Implanted at the Slit-Lamp in a Real-World Setting.

Purpose: To characterize clinical outcomes following a single administration of bimatoprost SR in eyes with glaucoma in a real-world setting implanted at the slit-lamp.

Setting: Tertiary care Glaucoma practice, Glaucoma Associates of Texas, Dallas, Texas.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ocular trauma in American infants and toddlers.

Purpose: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant and toddler ocular trauma in the United States.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of ocular injury data for children ≤3 years of age focused on epidemiologic trends in pediatric ocular injuries in the United States caused by consumer products from 2017 to 2021 and compared differences between pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) time periods. Data were collected from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, which includes emergency department visits caused by consumer product-related injuries from a nationally representative sample of hospitals.

Association of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma with Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Large Global Database Study.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: A retrospective cohort study leveraging the global patient database of TriNetX Research Network.

Participants: The study included 44 359 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with POAG and 4 393 300 patients with DM without any glaucoma ≥ 18 years of age.

Ophthalmology Faculty Diversity Trends in the US.

Importance: Enhancing the diversity of ophthalmologists can potentially contribute to diminishing disparities in eye care.

Objectives: To investigate longitudinal trends in the representation of individuals underrepresented in medicine (URiM) and women among ophthalmology faculty compared with other specialties and to assess disparities between ophthalmology faculty demographic characteristics and the US population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, a comprehensive analysis of Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster data between 2000 and 2021 was conducted, using data from the US Medical School Faculty report on 56 438 ophthalmology faculty members.

Baastrup's Disease in Pediatric Gymnasts.

Baastrup's disease is a rare, often misdiagnosed, and causes back pain in children. It is characterized by degenerative changes of both spinous processes and interspinous soft tissues between two adjacent vertebrae. Repetitive spinal movements in the sagittal plane predispose injury to posterior elements of the spine.