Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Children and Youth in the United States With Perinatal HIV.

Among 234 US youths with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus, 75% had antiretroviral resistance, substantially higher than that of the reference laboratory overall (36%-44%). Resistance to newer antiretrovirals and to all antiretrovirals in a class was uncommon. The only factor independently associated with future resistance was a higher peak viral load.

Prevalence and Persistence of Varicella Antibodies in Previously Immunized Children and Youth With Perinatal HIV-1 Infection.

Background: Two doses of live-attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine are recommended for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected children with CD4% ≥ 15%. We determined the prevalence and persistence of antibody in immunized children with perinatal HIV (PHIV) and their association with number of vaccinations, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and HIV status.

Methods: The Adolescent Master Protocol is an observational study of children with PHIV and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) children conducted at 15 US sites.

Metabolic abnormalities and viral replication are associated with biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in HIV-infected children.

Objectives: HIV-infected children may be at risk for premature cardiovascular disease. We compared levels of biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in HIV-infected children (with and without hyperlipidaemia) with those in HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS), and determined factors associated with these biomarkers.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out.

Pregnancy outcomes in young women with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus-1.

Objective: The objective of the study was to review pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among perinatally infected pregnant patients at our institution.

Study Design: A retrospective review of maternal and neonatal records for all 10 perinatally infected adolescents between 1997 and 2007 was performed. Demographics, CD4 and viral load, antiretroviral treatment, medical comorbidities, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status were abstracted.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus-infected young adult.

Perinatally infected children represent a large proportion of the youth living with human immunodeficiency virusinfection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Because of nonadherence to treatment, an increasing number of perinatally acquired HIV-infected adolescents and young adults are showing virologic failure and immune suppression. We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a perinatally HIV-infected young adult, occurred shortly after the revision of an antiretroviral regimen.

Sexual behaviors and procreational intentions of adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection: experience of an urban tertiary center.

Purpose: To assess sexual knowledge, behaviors, and procreational intentions of adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PNA HIV) infection. Increasingly, children with PNA HIV infection survive to adolescence and become sexually active. Understanding their procreational intentions could aid in designing reproductive health and secondary prevention programs.

Nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nelfinavir, or ritonavir for pretreated children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

The relative potency and tolerability of multidrug regimens used to treat infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are largely unknown. In Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Protocol 377, 181 infants and children were assigned to receive stavudine (d4T) plus nevirapine (NVP) and ritonavir (RTV); d4T plus lamivudine (3TC) and nelfinavir (NFV); d4T plus NVP and NFV; or d4T plus 3TC, NVP, and NFV. Eleven additional children received d4T and NVP plus NFV given twice daily.