[Guide to the treatment of paediatric strokes. Iberoamerican Academy of Pediatric Neurology].

A paediatric stroke is a rare entity that can occur at any age. It may be arterial or venous, ischemic or haemorrhagic, and may occur in the neonatal or paediatric stage of life, as well as in adolescence. Prompt diagnosis means that adequate treatment can be administered and prevents recurrence, minimising the percentage of sequelae.

[The impact of congenital heart disease on neurodevelopment].

It is estimated that about 1 in 100 live births has a congenital heart disease (CHD). Cognitive deficit, academic difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities, in combination, represent the most common morbidity affecting quality of life in survivors with CHD. Developmental dysfunction results from a complex interaction between patient-specific factors such as genetic susceptibility, cardiac diagnosis, fetal development, and environmental factors such as preoperative events, supportive techniques during surgical repair, postoperative events, socioeconomic status.

The diagnostic workup of children with the radiologically isolated syndrome differs by age and by sex.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal MRIs are often obtained in children with the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) for diagnosis and prognosis. Factors affecting the frequency and timing of these tests are unknown.

Objective: To determine whether age or sex were associated with (1) having CSF or spinal MRI obtained or (2) the timing of these tests.

Meludia platform as a tool to evaluate music perception in pediatric and adult cochlear implant users.

Purpose: Music perception is one of the greatest challenges for cochlear implant (CI) users. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate the music perception of CI users using the online Meludia music training program as music testing platform, (ii) to compare performance among three age groups, and (iii) to compare CI users with their normal hearing (NH) peers.

Methods: 138 individuals participated, divided between children (6-10 y), adolescents (11-16 y), and adults (≥ 17 y).

Perspectives and challenges of health promotion in Latin America.

The global health promotion movement has been institutionalized for 35 years (1986-2001) since the First International Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa, Canada. This essay establishes how the health promotion perspective has reshaped the nature, scope and perspectives of health, highlighting the urgency of approaching health from a more political and social vision. Health promotion should now deserve greater recognition by governmental, institutional, private and community authorities.

Integrating the global health perspective in schools of public health: lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic.

This essay discusses the need for schools of public health to convene to implement the practice of public health teaching and research by training health leaders, generating knowledge, and providing health and social services that contribute to the well-being of the community. Since their inception, the academic, research and service programs of some schools have been designed to serve as partners and allies of governments and the health sector in general. Part of their role has been to identify health risks to communities, design strategies to address major problems affecting health, create databases for assessment and intervention in conditions affecting the health of communities, as well as advise government authorities and other social sectors in health education efforts and preventive approaches.

[Environmental factors influencing developmental disorders].

Neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with multiple causes especially, genetic a nd environmental -nutritional, infectious, toxic, traumatic and psychosocial stress among others- that in general do not operate alone, but interact with each other. Of special interest is to identify the mechanism(s) that lead to these disorders. Inflammation and epigenetic changes may play a common end for many forms of environmental risk.

Reduced intensity versus non-myeloablative conditioning regimen for haploidentical transplantation and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in complete remission acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the ALWP of the EBMT.

The optimal conditioning regimen prior haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT) with post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unknown. A non-myeloablative conditioning (NMAC) regimen (cyclophosphamide + fludarabine + TBI 2 Gy [CyFluTBI]) is a safe approach, but relapse incidence remains high in this setting. Alternatively, a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen combining thiotepa and reduced-dose busulfan with fludarabine (TBF) may decrease AML relapse.

Party keepers: a significant community-based intervention for harm reduction.

Background: Gay men use recreational drugs more often than heterosexuals-especially at social events. While partying at a venue, partygoers are at risk of drug overdosing, without access to an emergency help. This study evaluates a unique and novel intervention aimed at training men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals who frequent parties, to provide immediate assistance on-site to partygoers who have overdosed.

Digital Health Literacy Related to COVID-19: Validation and Implementation of a Questionnaire in Hispanic University Students.

Digital health literacy influences decision-making in health. There are no validated instruments to evaluate the digital literacy about COVID-19 in Spanish-speaking countries. This study aimed to validate the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) about COVID-19 adapted to Spanish (COVID-DHLI-Spanish) in university students and to describe its most important results.

Spontaneous remission in juvenile myasthenia gravis: A cohort of 13 cases and review of the literature.

We describe the clinical course of patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis who experienced spontaneous remission and review the literature. This is a retrospective study of 13 patients with spontaneous remission from a cohort of 133 patients younger than 18-years-old. We compared several variables with potential prognostic value in patients with and without spontaneous remission.

[Treatment of juvenile myasthenia gravis].

Juvenile myasthenia gravis is a rare autoimmune disease, which has made it difficult to collect data from prospective randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and results of different treatments. Although there are differences between the juvenile myasthenia gravis and that of the adult, the data provided by some researches in adults in the treatment of juvenile myasthenia gravis have been used. The different therapeutic options will be evaluated, with the different evidences that sustain it and a treatment algorithm will be elaborated keeping always in mind that each patient offers us different challenges.

[Microcephaly].

Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference more than two standard deviations below the mean for gender and age. It is an important neurological sign and predictor of future disability. One of its diagnostic difficulties lies in the ranks of the head circumference reference against which we measure each child.

Survey of Cochlear Implant User Satisfaction with the Neptune™ Waterproof Sound Processor.

A multi-center self-assessment survey was conducted to evaluate patient satisfaction with the Advanced Bionics Neptune™ waterproof sound processor used with the AquaMic™ totally submersible microphone. Subjective satisfaction with the different Neptune™ wearing options, comfort, ease of use, sound quality and use of the processor in a range of active and water related situations were assessed for 23 adults and 73 children, using an online and paper based questionnaire. Upgraded subjects compared their previous processor to the Neptune™.

Update in alar base reduction in rhinoplasty.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this article is to further explore the techniques available for alar base reduction by a recent review in this topic, focusing in the current advances in the field, in a clear and readable format.

Recent Findings: Among the numerous techniques available, the management of cases with wide nasal base and alar flaring remains limited to three options: cinching sutures to pull in the alae together; or to use alar base excisions that remove tissue from the alar lobule to decrease flare and from inside the nostril to decrease width; and flap advancement.

Summary: Surgical modification of the nasal base is not a routine part of rhinoplasty and should be performed in a conservative manner to prevent complications like nasal stenosis.

Diode Laser for Laryngeal Surgery: a Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: Introduction The diode laser has been frequently used in the management of laryngeal disorders. The portability and functional diversity of this tool make it a reasonable alternative to conventional lasers. However, whether diode laser has been applied in transoral laser microsurgery, the ideal parameters, outcomes, and adverse effects remain unclear.

Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal.

Introduction: The esthetic balance of the face results from harmonic and symmetrical facial proportions. The literature describes several methods for lower-third facial analysis, but lacks a simple and practical method.

Objective: To review the methods of analysis of the ideal projections of the chin based on soft tissues, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Mitochondrial DNA deletions detected by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification.

The genetic diagnosis algorithm for mitochondrial (mt) diseases starts looking for deletions and common mutations in mtDNA. MtDNA's special features, such as large and variable genome copies, heteroplasmy, polymorphisms, and its duplication in the nuclear genome as pseudogenes (NUMTs), make it vulnerable to diagnostic misleading interpretations. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) is used to detect copy number variations in nuclear genes and its application on mtDNA has not been widely spread.

The live donor assessment tool: a psychosocial assessment tool for live organ donors.

Background: Psychosocial evaluation is an important part of the live organ donor evaluation process, yet it is not standardized across institutions, and although tools exist for the psychosocial evaluation of organ recipients, none exist to assess donors.

Objective: We set out to develop a semistructured psychosocial evaluation tool (the Live Donor Assessment Tool, LDAT) to assess potential live organ donors and to conduct preliminary analyses of the tool's reliability and validity.

Methods: Review of the literature on the psychosocial variables associated with treatment adherence, quality of life, live organ donation outcome, and resilience, as well as review of the procedures for psychosocial evaluation at our center and other centers around the country, identified 9 domains to address; these domains were distilled into several items each, in collaboration with colleagues at transplant centers across the country, for a total of 29 items.