Harms from others' drinking among college students: Prevalence and risk factors, 2022.

Introduction: Alcohol's harms to others (AHTO) refers to the negative effects experienced by individuals other than the drinker. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of AHTOs among US college students (sophomores/juniors), based on the first national probability-based survey conducted in 20 years.

Methods: We assessed AHTOs in the fall of 2021 from 1918 participants across 46 US schools, weighting the data to reflect the US undergraduate sophomore/junior population.

Harms from others' drinking and key indicators of the college experience in the United States.

Objective: More than half of United States college students are harmed by the drinkers around them. If findings from research on adults generalize to college students, then there will be consequences associated with these alcohol-related harms to others (AHTOs). This study aimed to determine whether harms from others' drinking were associated with key academic and mental health indicators of the college experience.

Associations between college enrollment and trends in substance use among young adults in the US from 2015 to 2019.

Substance use among college students has negative academic and health outcomes. Identifying substances that are more commonly used by students than non-students can reveal specific risks in the college environment. To examine associations between college enrollment and prevalence and trends of use of a comprehensive list of substances.

ADHD Assessment and Treatment Services in a Sample of U.S. Colleges and Universities.

Objective: Up to 2 million college students in the United States have been diagnosed as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a condition associated with negative academic, social, and psychiatric outcomes. The authors investigated the online availability and content of policies governing ADHD services at college clinics.

Methods: Using a stratified sample of 200 colleges and universities, the authors reviewed clinic websites and invited clinical staff to participate in a survey.

Self-Reported Disability Type and Risk of Alcohol-Induced Death - A Longitudinal Study Using Nationally Representative Data.

Background: Disability is associated with alcohol misuse and drug overdose death, however, its association with alcohol-induced death remains understudied.

Objective: To quantify the risk of alcohol-induced death among adults with different types of disabilities in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of US adults.

Methods: Persons with disabilities were identified among participants ages 18 or older in the Mortality Disparities in American Communities (MDAC) study ( = 3,324,000).

Implementation of a computerized tool to address barriers to academic success among college students.

Objective: Academic assistance professionals work with college students to address barriers to academic success, although few assessment tools exist. This feasibility study examined the results of implementing a computerized tool for academic assistance professionals to help students. The Measure of Obstacles to Succeeding Academically in College (MOSAIC) is a 31-item risk assessment tool used to characterize academic barriers.

The risk of drug overdose death among adults with select types of disabilities in the United States - A longitudinal study using nationally representative data.

Background: Disability is associated with increased risk of drug overdose mortality, but previous studies use coarse and inconsistent methods to identify adults with disabilities. This investigation makes use of the U.S.

Correlates of Perceived Harmfulness of Regular Cannabis Use among Canadian University Students Before and After Legalization.

Objective: Among a prospective sample of Canadian university students, this study aimed to: 1) document changes in cannabis use and perceived harmfulness of use before and after the legalization of recreational cannabis; 2) examine correlates of perceived harmfulness; and 3) explore changes in perceived harmfulness as a function of cannabis use patterns.

Method: A random sample of 871 students at one western Canadian university were assessed pre- and post-legalization of recreational cannabis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore changes in cannabis use and perceived harmfulness.

Drug and alcohol use disorders among adults with select disabilities: The national survey on drug use and health.

Background: Deaths caused by drugs and alcohol have reached high levels in the US, and prior research shows a consistent association between disability status and substance misuse.

Objective: Using national data, this study quantifies the association between disability status and drug and alcohol use disorders among US adults.

Methods: The most recent pre-pandemic years (2018-2019) of the cross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 83,439) were used to examine how the presence of any disability, and specific disabilities, were associated with past year drug and alcohol use disorders.

In harm's way: Do college students' beliefs about cannabis put them at risk for use?

This study describes beliefs held by college students about cannabis use and examines the association between three specific cannabis beliefs and likelihood of use. 3,720 undergraduate students ages 18 to 25 attending ten colleges in one state. Data were gathered via online survey.

Graduate student burnout: Substance use, mental health, and the moderating role of advisor satisfaction.

Substance use and mental health problems are associated with academic difficulties among high school and undergraduate students, but little research has been conducted on these relationships among graduate students. The sample consisted of 2,683 graduate students attending two large, public universities. Standard measures were used to collect data on demographic and program characteristics, mental health, substance use, advisor satisfaction, and burnout (i.

Improving Campus Alcohol Policies Through Assessment and Scoring.

Excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for more than 1,500 deaths annually among college students, of whom more than one in three report having been drunk during the past 30 days. Campus alcohol policies offer a first line of defense against excessive alcohol use but have received little systematic attention in the research literature. The research team previously developed a taxonomy of campus alcohol policies and sanctions, ranked in order of effectiveness, and assessed the accessibility, clarity, and effectiveness of policies at 15 post-secondary educational institutions.

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants as a "Red Flag" for Other Substance Use.

Background: Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMPS) has increased on college campuses during the past two decades. NMPS is primarily driven by academic enhancement motives, and normative misperceptions exist as well. However, large, nationwide studies have not yet been conducted to generalize findings more broadly and gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between NMPS and other substance use (e.

Behavior Problems During Early Childhood in Children With Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure.

Background And Objectives: The effects of in utero methamphetamine exposure on behavioral problems in school-aged children are unclear. Our objective for this study was to evaluate behavior problems in children at aged 3, 5, and 7.5 years who were prenatally exposed to methamphetamine.

Prevalence and Correlates of Caffeine Use Disorder Symptoms Among a United States Sample.

The recognizes caffeine use disorder as a condition for further study, but there is a need to better understand its prevalence and clinical significance among the general population. A survey was conducted among an online sample of 1006 caffeine-consuming adults using demographic quotas to reflect the U.S.

Stress and Burnout Among Graduate Students: Moderation by Sleep Duration and Quality.

Background: There are high levels of stress among graduate students, and stress is associated with multiple negative outcomes among student populations, including academic burnout. Sleep could play an important role in explaining the association between stress and burnout, but these relationships have not been explored among the graduate student population. The current study assessed whether or not sleep duration and quality moderated the relationship between stress and burnout (i.

Substance use and mental health problems among graduate students: Individual and program-level correlates.

Objective: This study evaluated variation in substance use and mental health among graduate student subgroups.

Participants: A sample of 2,683 master's and doctoral students completed an online survey in October 2017.

Methods: Subgroup variation in behavioral health by demographic and program characteristics, particularly degree type and academic discipline, was explored.

Situational context and motives of alcohol use among graduate student drinkers.

Extensive research has examined alcohol use context and motives among undergraduates, but less is known about where, when, and why graduate students drink. The current study aimed to describe the motives and situational context of graduate student alcohol use, identify demographic and program characteristics associated with alcohol use motives and context, and assess how alcohol use motives and context are associated with alcohol use behavior. A sample of master's and doctoral-level students who drank during the past month (n = 2091; 63% female) completed an online survey.

Child Maltreatment, Relationship with Father, Peer Substance Use, and Adolescent Marijuana Use.

This longitudinal prospective study examined the relationship between child maltreatment as per reports to child protective services (CPS) and adolescent self-reported marijuana use, and the association between relationships with mothers and fathers and use of marijuana. The association between relationships with parents early in childhood (ages 6-8 years) and during adolescence with adolescent marijuana use were also probed. Another aim examined whether relationships with parents moderated the link between child maltreatment and youth marijuana use.

Risks associated with alcohol and marijuana use among college student athletes: The case for involving athletic personnel in prevention and intervention.

The purpose of this study was to describe alcohol and marijuana use patterns and related consequences among student athletes. A total of 12,510 students (=1,233 athletes) completed four cross-sectional online annual surveys as part of a multi-site campus initiative. Chi-square tests of independence, t-tests, and regression models evaluated differences in alcohol and marijuana use between athletes and non-athletes.

Utilizing Student Health and Academic Data: A County-Level Demonstration Project.

Students with chronic health conditions miss more school days than their peers and are at increased risk for performing worse on standardized tests and not completing a high school degree. University-based researchers, state government leaders, and a local county school system collaborated to use existing health and academic data to (1) evaluate the strength of the relationship between health status and school performance (absenteeism, grades) and (2) describe the health status of students who are chronically absent. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, negative binomial regression models, and estimated marginal means.

Timing and chronicity of child neglect and substance use in early adulthood.

Background: Neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment with consequences that appear to be as serious as for abuse. Despite this, the problem has received less than its due attention.

Objective: To examine the relationship between the timing and chronicity of neglect during childhood and substance use in early adulthood.

Commentary on Terry-McElrath et al. (2019): Will persistent patterns of youth marijuana use compromise their futures?

Recent increases in the prevalence of frequent marijuana use that extend well into adulthood raise concerns about the long-term consequences for population health and for the individuals engaging in these use patterns.

Assessing Campus Alcohol Policies: Measuring Accessibility, Clarity, and Effectiveness.

Background: Excessive alcohol consumption poses significant hazards to health and safety on college campuses. While substantial research exists regarding effective policies for preventing alcohol-related problems in the communities surrounding campuses, on-campus alcohol policies have received far less attention.

Methods: Official campus alcohol policies (CAPs) were retrieved from the websites of the 15 member schools of the Maryland Collaborative to Reduce College Drinking and Related Problems, a voluntary statewide collaborative.