Publications by authors named "Arpit Kumar Shrivastava"
Increased measles and rubella seroprevalence in children using residual blood samples from health facilities and household serosurveys after supplementary immunization activities in two districts in India.
Epidemiol Infect
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- Residual blood specimens offer a cost-effective way to track seroprevalence changes compared to traditional household surveys, as shown in a study in India focused on measles-rubella vaccinations.
- A cross-sectional survey in Kanpur Nagar and Palghar found significant increases in rubella seroprevalence post-immunization, though measles trends were inconsistent between facility and community samples.
- Younger children in public facilities initially had lower rubella seroprevalence than those in private hospitals, but this gap disappeared after the vaccination campaign, highlighting the importance of residual specimens for public health monitoring.
Evaluating the effect of measles and rubella mass vaccination campaigns on seroprevalence in India: a before-and-after cross-sectional household serosurvey in four districts, 2018-2020.
Lancet Glob Health
November 2022
Background: India did phased measles-rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles-rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps.
Methods: Between March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs.
Introduction: Cryptosporidium is an intestinal parasite responsible for gastroenteritis. Conventional diagnosis of Cryptosporidium is made by microscopy. The most frequent molecular detection method for this parasite is polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Regions with limited sanitation facilities have higher rates of infections with various enteric pathogens. It is therefore important to identify different hosts and their relative contribution to pathogen shedding into the environment, and to assess the subsequent health risks to humans.
Methods: In this study, human faecal (n=310), animal faecal (n=150), and environmental (soil) samples (n=40) were collected from the same locality and screened for selected enteric pathogens by immunochromatography and/or polymerase chain reaction.
Article Synopsis
- Campylobacter-mediated diarrhoea is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily linked to animal fecal contamination of food and water.
- A study in Bhubaneswar analyzed 310 human samples and 150 animal samples for Campylobacter spp. using DNA techniques, revealing infection rates of 16.77% in humans and 25.33% in animals, particularly in sheep.
- Findings indicate that domestic animals are significant potential sources of Campylobacter infections for humans, especially in young children aged 2-5 years.
Background: (RVA) causes severe gastroenteritis in under-five children, and there are many diverse strains of the virus that are localized to different parts of the world.
Objectives: To study the burden and molecular epidemiology of RVA causing gastroenteritis among children from Eastern India.
Materials And Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included children under-five with gastroenteritis.
Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal illness caused by the protozoan parasite species, which is a leading cause of diarrhea in a variety of vertebrate hosts. The primary mode of transmission is through oral routes; infections spread with the ingestion of oocysts by susceptible animals or humans. In humans, infections are commonly found in children and immunocompromised individuals.
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- The study investigates various causes of acute diarrhea in children under five, highlighting that multiple pathogens are often present but underdiagnosed.
- Fecal samples from 130 children were analyzed, revealing that the most common culprits were bacteria, followed closely by rotavirus and adenovirus, with significant cases of co-infections.
- The findings emphasize the importance of accurately identifying multiple infectious agents to improve treatment strategies for severe diarrhea among young children.
Computational approaches to predict structure/function and other biological characteristics of proteins are becoming more common in comparison to the traditional methods in drug discovery. Cryptosporidiosis is a major zoonotic diarrheal disease particularly in children, which is caused primarily by Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Currently, there are no vaccines for cryptosporidiosis and recommended drugs are ineffective.
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