Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism in India: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is a common comorbidity associated with several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) that can remain undetected without proper screening. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian male patients with T2D with or without obesity.

Methods: In this prospective, observational study, male patients with T2D and hypogonadism were evaluated symptomatically using the androgen deficiency in ageing male (ADAM) questionnaire at baseline and confirmed on the basis of total testosterone (TT) levels (<300 ng/dL) at Days 5-7 (Visit 2) and 9-14 (Visit 4) assessed after 12 hours of fasting between 8 AM and 10 AM.

Mechanism-based approach in designing patient-specific combination therapies for nonsense mutation diseases.

Premature termination codon (PTC) diseases, arising as a consequence of nonsense mutations in a patient's DNA, account for approximately 12% of all human disease mutations. Currently there are no FDA approved treatments for increasing PTC readthrough in nonsense mutation diseases, although one translational readthrough inducing drug, ataluren, has had conditional approval for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Europe and elsewhere for 10 years. Ataluren displays consistent low toxicity in clinical trials for treatment of several different PTC diseases, but its therapeutic effects on such diseases are inconsistent.

Single-Molecule Studies of Cognate and Near-Cognate Elongation in an Eukaryotic Translation System.

The ribosome plays a central role in translation of the genetic code into amino acid sequences during synthesis of polypeptides. During each cycle of peptide elongation, the ribosome must discriminate between correct and incorrect aminoacyl-tRNAs according to the codon present in its A-site. Ribosomes rely on a complex sequence of proofreading mechanisms to minimize erroneous selection of incorrect aminoacyl-tRNAs that would lead to mistakes in translation.

Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Malignant Hyperthermia Like Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis Treated with ECMO: Unusual Severity and a Rare Occurrence.

: Accamma K, Shamarao S, Ram A, Devananda NS, Krishna M, Bandagi LS, . Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Malignant Hyperthermia Like Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis Treated with ECMO: Unusual Severity and a Rare Occurrence. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(11):859-860.

Assembly of the Mitochondrial Translation Initiation Complex.

Mitochondria maintain their own translational machinery that is responsible for the synthesis of essential components of the oxidative phosphorylation system. The mammalian mitochondrial translation system differs significantly from its cytosolic and bacterial counterparts. Here, we describe detailed protocols for efficient in vitro reconstitution of the mammalian mitochondrial translation initiation complex, which can be further used for mechanistic analyses of different aspects of mitochondrial translation.

Ataluren binds to multiple protein synthesis apparatus sites and competitively inhibits release factor-dependent termination.

Genetic diseases are often caused by nonsense mutations, but only one TRID (translation readthrough inducing drug), ataluren, has been approved for clinical use. Ataluren inhibits release factor complex (RFC) termination activity, while not affecting productive binding of near-cognate ternary complex (TC, aa-tRNA.eEF1A.

Role of Telemedicine in Diabetes Management.

Introduction: Telemedicine is a growing arena that may increase access to care for patients with diabetes. It has more relevance for rural populations or those with limited physical access to health care, for improving diabetes care. Telemedicine can also be used to offer diabetes self-education and transportation barriers for patients living in under-resourced areas or with disabilities.

Origin of Intense Luminescence from Supramolecular 2D Molecular Crystals.

Luminescence enhancement in 2D molecular crystals (2D crystals) is promising for a variety of optical applications, yet the availability is limited because of unclear mechanism and inefficient design strategy of luminescence control. Herein, the room temperature phosphorescence from micron long molecular thin free-standing 2D crystals of a mono-cyclometalated Ir(III) complex designed at the water surface is reported. A large luminescence enhancement is observed from the 2D crystals at 300 K, which is comparable with the rigidified solution at 77 K suggesting room temperature phosphorescence origin of the luminescence.

Femtosecond laser-induced spin dynamics in single-layer graphene/CoFeB thin films.

Graphene/ferromagnet hybrid heterostructures are important building blocks of spintronics due to the unique ability of graphene to transport spin current over unprecedented distances and possible increase in its spin-orbit coupling due to proximity and hybridization. Here, we present magnetization dynamics over a femtosecond to nanosecond timescale by employing an all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique in single-layer graphene (SLG)/CoFeB thin films with varying CoFeB thickness and compared them with reference CoFeB thin films without an SLG underlayer. Gilbert damping variation with CoFeB thickness is modelled to extract spin-mixing conductance for the SLG/CoFeB interface and isolate the two-magnon scattering contribution from spin pumping.

Unraveling the physical properties and superparamagnetism in anti-site disorder controlled FeTiSn.

With an aim to control the anti-site disorder between Fe and Ti atoms in the full Heusler alloy, Fe[Formula: see text]TiSn, we substitute a small percentage of Ti at Fe site to form the Fe[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Sn ([Formula: see text]) series. Using the incident x-rays tuned to the Fe K-edge absorption energy, we record the high resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction profiles and unambiguously show the reduction in anti-site disorder. In particular, the Fe-Ti anti-site disorder decreases up to an excess Ti content of 0.

Synergistic Enhancement of Electron-Accepting and -Donating Ability of Nonconjugated Polymer Nanodot in Micellar Environment.

Understanding the fundamental electron-transfer dynamics in photoactive carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) is vitally important for their fruitful application in photovoltaics and photocatalysis. Herein, photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to and from the nonconjugated polymer nanodot (PND), a new class of luminescent CNP, has been investigated in the presence of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and methyl viologen (MV) in homogeneous methanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. It has been observed that both DMA and MV interact with the photoexcited PND and quench the PL intensity as well as excited-state lifetime in bulk methanol.

Direct Evidence of Intrinsic Blue Fluorescence from Oligomeric Interfaces of Human Serum Albumin.

The molecular origin behind the concentration-dependent intrinsic blue fluorescence of human serum albumin (HSA) is not known yet. This unusual blue fluorescence is believed to be a characteristic feature of amyloid-like fibrils of protein/peptide and originates due to the delocalization of peptide bond electrons through the extended hydrogen bond networks of cross-β-sheet structure. Herein, by combining the results of spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, native gel electrophoresis, and confocal microscopy, we have shown that the intrinsic blue fluorescence of HSA exclusively originates from oligomeric interfaces devoid of any amyloid-like fibrillar structure.

Insights into the Thermodynamics of Polymer Nanodot-Human Serum Albumin Association: A Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Approach.

With the advent of newer luminescent nanoparticles for bioimaging applications, their complex interactions with individual biomolecules need to be understood in great detail, before their direct application into cellular environments. Here, we have presented a systematic and detailed study on the interaction between luminescent polymer nanodots (PNDs) and human serum albumin (HSA) in its free and ligand-bound state with the help of spectrophotometric and calorimetric techniques. At physiological pH (pH = 7.

Resonant excitation energy transfer from carbon dots to different sized silver nanoparticles.

The influence of size on the efficiency of the nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) process between excited donors and different sized metal nanoparticles (NPs) is poorly explored in the literature. Here we present a systematic study by correlating the size of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with the efficiency of excitation energy transfer (EET) from carbon dots (CDs) to Ag NPs. Three different sized citrate-capped Ag NPs with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 39.

Luminescence turn-on/off sensing of biological iron by carbon dots in transferrin.

Iron is a key nutrient as well as a potential toxin for almost all living organisms. In mammalian cells, serum transferrin (Tf) is responsible for iron transport and its iron overload/deficiency causes various diseases. Therefore, closely regulated iron homeostasis is extremely essential for cellular metabolism.

Size-dependent penetration of carbon dots inside the ferritin nanocages: evidence for the quantum confinement effect in carbon dots.

The origin of the excitation wavelength (λex)-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of carbon dots (CDs) is poorly understood and still remains obscured. This phenomenon is often explained on the basis of surface trap/defect states, while the effect of quantum confinement is highly neglected in the literature. Here, we have shown that the λex-dependent PL of CDs is mainly due to the inhomogeneous size distribution.

Concentration-dependent reversible self-oligomerization of serum albumins through intermolecular β-sheet formation.

Proteins inside a cell remain in highly crowded environments, and this often affects their structure and activity. However, most of the earlier studies involving serum albumins were performed under dilute conditions, which lack biological relevance. The effect of protein-protein interactions on the structure and properties of serum albumins at physiological conditions have not yet been explored.

Management of Type 2 diabetes in Ramadan: Low-ratio premix insulin working group practical advice.

The challenge of insulin use during Ramadan could be minimized, if people with diabetes are metabolically stable and are provided with structured education for at least 2-3 months pre-Ramadan. Although, American diabetes association (ADA) recommendations 2010 and South Asian Consensus Guideline 2012 deal with management of diabetes in Ramadan and changes in insulin dosage, no specific guidance on widely prescribed low-ratio premix insulin is currently available. Hence, the working group for insulin therapy in Ramadan, after collective analysis, evaluation, and opinion from clinical practice, have formulated a practical advice to empower physicians with pre-Ramadan preparation, dose adjustment, and treatment algorithm for self-titration of low-ratio premix insulin.

Microscopic evidence of "necklace and bead"-like morphology of polymer-surfactant complexes: a comparative study on poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-sodium dodecyl sulfate and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-sodium dodecyl sulfate systems.

Here, we report the microscopic evidence of "necklace and bead"-like morphology, which has long been the most widely accepted model for polymer-surfactant complexes. The lack of microscopic evidence of the initial complexation between surfactant and polymer has resulted in many contradictory reports in the literature. In this paper, we visualized these initial complexes formed between negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with neutral poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) polymer through photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) using silicon quantum dot (Si QD) as an external PL marker.