Application of Combined SCIP and Free Fibula Flaps for Reconstruction of a Massive Composite Oromandibular Defect: A Pioneering Approach.

Resection of advanced oral malignancies often leads to extensive composite tissue defects, which may involve skin, oral mucosa, mandible, and a significant amount of soft tissue. While the free fibula flap remains the primary choice of reconstruction, there are instances where a second flap is necessary for coverage. In such cases, the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is commonly employed as a second free flap.

To Evaluate the Success of Sialendoscopy Assisted Intraoral Approach for Removal of Submandibular Hilar Stones.

To assess the success of sialendoscopy assisted intraoral approach for removal of hilar stone of submandibular gland. To evaluate the ductal system for any concomitant pathology. Conventionally the treatment for submandibular hilar stones has been gland excision.

Desmosome and Hemidesmosome Release via Exosomes from Retinal Pigmented Epithelium - A Precursor to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Early AMD?

Purpose: This minireview discusses desmosome and hemidesmosome disassembly and/or internalization and subsequent release exosomes in retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) under oxidative stress conditions, and whether it may be a precursor to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in early Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Literature review and discussion of novel findings relevant to the focus of the review.

Results: The RPE forms the outer blood-retinal barrier, and like other epithelia it has several different types of cell-cell junctions, such as desmosomes.

Neoadjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer.

A major advance in rectal cancer was the evidence supporting short-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy. Both have been shown to improve local outcomes. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is the new kid on the block that provides further benefit of improving local responses as well as reducing systemic relapses, thus increasing overall survival.

Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Cancer.

Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is considered a standard of care in rectal cancers. Its advantage is that it is organ preserving. Its main role is in early-stage cancers limited to the rectum (T1N0M0).

Precise additive food manufacturing: Printing of millet dough, characterization, and comprehensive printability assessment.

The research aims at the development of 3D-printed millet-based composite dough cookies from a selected formulation, among 31 formulations, with the best printability and stability. The dough comprises composite pearl and amaranth millet flour in an equal ratio (20-40 g), shortening (10-30 g), jaggery (12-22 g), and water (25-35 g). In stage one, a comprehensive analytical printability assessment of printed construct in terms of printing precision, printing rate, and stability is conducted.

Tuberculosis and stigma: Break the silence….

Stigma associated with tuberculosis (TB) and other diseases can have severe consequences on patient care and treatment outcomes. It is closely linked to social behaviour and deep rooted taboos.Stigma reduces trust in caregivers, leading to less attention to doctor's advice, lack of follow-up and poor adherence to treatment.

Differential Professional and Personal Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Career Researchers.

Purpose: Early career researchers (ECRs) are crucial to scientific advancement, but ECRs, particularly those from underrepresented groups, face unique challenges as they establish careers. Given the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to identify the pandemic's professional and personal impacts on ECRs.

Method: This national cross-sectional survey study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among ECRs by gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity.

Repeatability and agreement of a new anterior segment optical coherence tomography with standard devices in normal, keratoconus, and post-refractive eyes.

Purpose: To assess repeatability and agreement of Eyestar 900 (Haag-Streit, Köniz, Switzerland) with Pentacam AXL Wave system (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering GmBH, Heidelberg, Germany), and MS-39 (CSO, Florence, Italy) in measuring anterior segment parameters.

Methods: Two hundred normal eyes, 50 keratoconus (KC) eyes, and 50 post-refractive surgery eyes underwent three sequential scans on each instrument. The order of scans was randomized.

Harnessing Synthetic Riboswitches for Tunable Gene Regulation in Mammalian Cells.

RNA switches regulated by specific inducer molecules have become a powerful synthetic biology tool for precise gene regulation in mammalian systems. The engineered RNA switches can be integrated with natural RNA-mediated gene regulatory functions as a modular and customizable approach to probe and control cellular behavior. RNA switches have been used to advance synthetic biology applications, including gene therapy, bio-production, and cellular reprogramming.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): the 'Kyoto Consensus'-steps from Asia.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplantation. There have been various definitions proposed worldwide. The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the "APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)" was formed in 2012.

Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Cell-Type Specific Vacuole Formation in the Absence of Canonical ATG5-Dependent Autophagy Initiation Pathway.

Pyridinyl-imidazole class p38 MAPKα/β (MAPK14/MAPK11) inhibitors including SB202190 have been shown to induce cell-type specific defective autophagy resulting in micron-scale vacuole formation, cell death, and tumor suppression. We had earlier shown that this is an off-target effect of SB202190. Here we provide evidence that this vacuole formation is independent of ATG5-mediated canonical autophagosome initiation.

Therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of phytoconstituents: emphasizing on resveratol, curcumin, quercetin, berberine, and hesperidin in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a long-term inflammatory colon illness that significantly affects patients quality of life. Traditional medicines and therapies often come with challenges such as side effects, instability, unpredictability, and high costs. This has captured interest in natural products that have huge health benefits.

Liquid biopsy for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer: quantification of cell-free DNA and p53 mutational analysis.

Objective: To isolate and quantify cell-free DNA, analysis for p53 mutations, and correlation with tumor burden in women with epithelial ovarian cancer compared with benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors.

Methods: In this case-control study, plasma samples of eligible women collected 1 hour before surgery and based on final histopathology, women with epithelial ovarian cancer recruited as cases and borderline, and benign ovarian tumors as controls. Cell-free DNA extracted from plasma serum and quantified using Nanodrop Spectrophotometer.

Characterization, Identification, and Biosafety Evaluation of Multifaceted Traits of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytes for Ameliorating Productivity of Forage Sorghum.

Endophytes are bacteria that inhabit host plants for most of their life cycle without causing harm. In the study, 15 endophytic bacteria were isolated from 30 forage Sorghum plants and assessed for various plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, such as phosphate solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, ammonia production, siderophore production, gibberellic acid production, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and zinc solubilization. One isolate, JJG_Zn, demonstrated multiple PGP activities and was identified as Enterobacter sp.

Assessment of ICG fluorescence in identification and preservation of parathyroid glands in thyroid surgeries and correlation with postoperative parathormone and serum calcium levels.

Introduction: Intraoperative parathyroid gland (PG) localization remains challenging during thyroid surgeries, contributing to postoperative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. This study assessed the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in identifying and preserving PGs during thyroid surgeries and its correlation with postoperative outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This ambispective observational study included 57 patients undergoing thyroid surgeries using ICG and compared outcomes with 56 historical controls.

Student and Physician Views of How the Dobbs Decision Affects Training and Practice Location Preferences: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: By allowing for abortion bans and restrictions to take effect in the majority of US states, the 2022 Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision portends to have lasting impacts on patient care and the physician workforce. Notably, it is already beginning to impact practice location preferences of US health care workers, evidenced by declining application rates to residency programs in abortion-restrictive states since 2022. Yet, there remains a gap in the literature regarding why this trend exists.

Iron oxide nanoparticles: a versatile nanoplatform for the treatment and diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer remains one of the main causes of human mortality, accounting for millions of deaths every year. Despite of several clinical options such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), hormonal treatment, radiation therapy, and surgery to manage this disease, the mortality rate is still very high. This alarming statistic highlights the urgent need for innovative approaches to improve both diagnosis and treatment.

Comparison of positive BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panels, CSF cultures, CSF parameters, clinical presentation and in-patient mortality among patients with bacterial and fungal meningitis.

Unlabelled: The BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis panel (MEP) was brought to the University of Kentucky in 2016 to aid in the identification of community-acquired meningitis and encephalitis (ME). This panel has shown variable performance with some institutions showing high sensitivity and specificity for many pathogens but others seeing false positives during clinical use. We evaluated the panel's performance using retrospective chart review of patients at the University of Kentucky from October 2016 to September 2022, including 7,551 MEP results.

Human driven climate change increased the likelihood of the 2023 record area burned in Canada.

In 2023, wildfires burned 15 million hectares in Canada, more than doubling the previous record. These wildfires caused a record number of evacuations, unprecedented air quality impacts across Canada and the northeastern United States, and substantial strain on fire management resources. Using climate models, we show that human-induced climate change significantly increased the likelihood of area burned at least as large as in 2023 across most of Canada, with more than two-fold increases in the east and southwest.

Role of myeloid-derived suppressor and Th17/Treg cells in post-COVID-19 Rhino-Orbital mucormycosis cases.

Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) cases increased sharply in India during the second COVID-19 wave. Due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia, prolonged steroid use, and high ferritin levels, the immune system was dysregulated throughout this surge. Our study examined post-COVID-19 ROCM patients' T regulatory cell (Treg), T helper 17 cell (Th17) and Myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels before and after three months of treatment.