Adequacy of prostate cancer prevention and screening recommendations provided by an artificial intelligence-powered large language model.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the appropriateness of ChatGPT in providing answers related to prostate cancer (PCa) screening, comparing GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.

Methods: A committee of five reviewers designed 30 questions related to PCa screening, categorized into three difficulty levels.

Testing the external validity of the POUT III trial (adjuvant platnium-based chemotherapy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma) in a North American cohort.

Objective: The European POUT III randomized controlled trial provided level-one evidence that adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard of care following nephroureterectomy (RNU) for locally invasive or node-positive upper tract urothelial carcinoma. We aim to assess this European randomized controlled trial's generalizability (external validity) to a North American cohort, using a nationwide database.

Materials And Methods: To compare trial patients with those seen in real-world practice, we simulated the trial inclusion criteria using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Prostate Specific Antigen Screening on a Nationwide Level: Featuring the Contribution of Race and Life Expectancy in Decision Making.

Background: Estimation of life expectancy (LE) is important for the relative benefit of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening. Limited data exists regarding screening for Black men with extended LE. The aim of the current study was to assess temporal trends in screening in United States (US) Black men with limited vs.

Admission Rates, Healthcare Utilization, and Inpatient Cost of Radiation Cystitis in the United States.

Objective: To assess the incidence, cumulative healthcare burden, and financial impact of inpatient admissions for radiation cystitis (RC), while exploring practice differences in RC management between teaching and nonteaching hospitals.

Methods: We focused on 19,613 patients with a diagnosis of RC within the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2008 to 2014. ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes were used.

Diversity in Urology, Are We Moving in the Right Direction?: Analysis of American Urologic Association Urology Residency Match Statistics 2019-2023.

Analysis of the urology match statistics provides a window into the future of the urology workforce. Match statistics from 2019 to 2023 were analyzed to determine whether the efforts to promote diversity in 2020 have been impactful. The popularity in the field of urology among all racial/ethnic groups peaked interest in application in 2022.

Genital Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Intracorporeal Neobladder & Paravaginal Repair.

Objective: Vaginal prolapse is a known complication after radical cystectomy, requiring additional procedures in 10% of the patients. This results from loss of level I and II vaginal support due to the removal of pelvic structures. In addition, a neobladder urinary diversion, with Valsalva voiding, predisposes to vaginal prolapse.

Who Is Shaping the Future of Academic Urology? A Descriptive Analysis of Residency Program Directors.

Objective: To characterize the demographics, educational background, and scholarly characteristics of current urology residency program directors (PDs).

Methods: Urology programs were identified by the listing on the "Accredited US Urology Programs" section of American Urological Association website as of October 2021. Demographics and academic data were collected via publicly available department website and Google search engine.

Risk-Based Assessment Of the Impact Of Intravesical Therapy on Recurrence-Free Survival Rate Following Resection of Suspected Low-grade, Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC): A Southwest Oncology Groups (SWOG) S0337 Posthoc Analysis.

Background: Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has an elevated risk of recurrence, and immediate postresection intravesical instillation of chemotherapy (IVC) significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. Questions remain about which subpopulation may maximally benefit from IVC. Our aim was to develop risk groups based on recurrence risk in NMIBC, and then evaluate the impact of a single, postoperative instillation of IVC on the subsequent risk of recurrence for each risk group.

Benefit of lymph node dissection in cN+ patients in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Analysis of NCDB registry.

Objectives: The benefits of lymph node dissection (LND) in surgically treated upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients who present with clinically positive nodes at diagnosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess survival differences in cN+ patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with LND vs. without LND.

Diagnosis and management of testicular compartment syndrome caused by tension hydrocele.

A hydrocele is an abnormal collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis which may either be congenital or acquired. Hydroceles are usually painless and don't require immediate intervention unless they impact activities of daily living. This case demonstrates a rare complication of hydroceles termed tension hydrocele which presented with scrotal swelling and acute pain.

Description of Surgical Technique and Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of the Precision Prostatectomy Procedure (IDEAL Stage 1-2b Study).

Background: The existing treatment options for men with intermediate- or high-volume low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) are associated with a substantial risk of over- or undertreatment. The development of risk-adjusted therapies is an unmet need for these patients.

Objective: To describe our novel technique of precision prostatectomy, a form of surgical focal therapy that allows radical excision of the index PCa lesion along with >90% prostatic tissue extirpation while preserving the prostatic capsule and seminal vesicle/vas deferens complex on the side contralateral to the dominant cancer lesion, and to report on medium-term functional and oncologic outcomes in the first 88 consecutive men who underwent this procedure between December 2016 and January 2020.

Evaluation of lymphovascular invasion as a prognostic predictor of overall survival after radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To assess the prognostic ability of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) as a predictor of overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: We included 126,682 prostate cancer (CaP) cM0 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection between 2010 and 2015, within the National Cancer Database. Patients who received androgen deprivation therapy were included.

Impact of treatment modality on overall survival in localized ductal prostate adenocarcinoma: A national cancer database analysis.

Purpose: Ductal adenocarcinoma is considered a rare histological variant of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). Given the rarity of this subtype, optimal treatment strategies for men with nonmetastatic ductal PCa is largely unknown. We aimed to describe the impact of surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and observation on overall survival (OS) in men with nonmetastatic ductal PCa.

Omission of Cortical Renorrhaphy During Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: A Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative Database Analysis.

Objectives: To analyze the outcomes of patients in whom cortical (outer) renorrhaphy (CR) was omitted during robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN).

Methods: We analyzed 1453 patients undergoing RPN, from 2006 to 2018, within a large multi-institutional database. Patients having surgery for bilateral tumors (n = 73) were excluded.

A Nationwide Persistent Underutilization of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in North American Prostate Cancer Patients.

Objective: To examine the utilization of adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) in contemporary prostate cancer patients with adverse pathological features at radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: We identified 189,240 patients with adverse features at RP (positive margin, stage ≥pT3a, and/or pN1 disease), from 2004 to 2015, within the National Cancer Database, and validated our findings within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. We examined the utilization of patients with aRT with adverse features at RP and patients with very aggressive disease (at least 2 of the following: ≥pT3b, pathological Gleason 8-10, and pN1).

Cystic Trophoblastic Tumor in a Primary Central Nervous System Post-Chemotherapy Germ Cell Tumor: The First Case Report.

Cystic trophoblastic tumor (CTT) is an uncommon trophoblastic proliferation of germ cell tumor origin, mostly reported in post-chemotherapy metastases of testicular germ cell tumors and rarely primary untreated testicular tumors. To date, we are not aware of occurrence in a non-testicular tumor. A 12-year-old boy presented with limb swelling, increased appetite, weight gain, and precocious puberty.

Rare Histological Variants of Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Purpose: The American Joint Committee on Cancer recognizes 6 rare histological variants of prostate adenocarcinoma. We describe the contemporary presentation and overall survival of these rare variants.

Materials And Methods: We examined 1,345,618 patients who were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2015 within the National Cancer Database.

Long-term Risk of Recurrence in Surgically Treated Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network E2805 Trial Cohort.

Currently, surveillance guidelines following surgical resection of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are clear within the first 5 yr; however, these lack the same degree of objectivity following this cutoff. We sought to investigate the long-term risk of recurrence in surgically treated RCC in order to determine the utility of long-term surveillance. A post hoc analysis of patients within the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ECOG-ACRIN) E2805 trial cohort was performed.