Sinusitis in Children.

Acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) mostly occurs as a complication of acute viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI), which is a common condition encountered in an outpatient setting. ABS manifests with three different presentations, most commonly as persistent symptoms of viral URI (nasal drainage and or cough) for more than 10 days. ABS is also diagnosed when the patient presents with severe symptoms of a URI accompanied by fever >102.

Immediate and early implant placement in single-tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla: A prospective study on ridge dimensional, clinical, and aesthetic changes.

Objectives: This prospective study evaluated the impact of timing of placement (immediate and early) on the horizontal ridge dimensional changes, clinical, and aesthetic outcomes of implants placed in single-tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla.

Materials And Methods: Implants were placed in single-tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla of 30 patients, either immediately after extraction (Group A, n = 15) or after a healing period of 4-8 weeks (Group B, n = 15). In both groups, implant placement was followed by a 3- to 4-month period of non-submerged healing, after which definitive crowns were placed.

Subcutaneous Leydig Stem Cell Autograft: A Promising Strategy to Increase Serum Testosterone.

Exogenous testosterone therapy can be used to treat testosterone deficiency; however, it has several adverse effects including infertility due to negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Leydig stem cell (LSC) transplantation could provide a new strategy for treating testosterone deficiency, but clinical translatability of injecting stem cells inside the testis is not feasible. Here, we explore the feasibility of subcutaneously autografting LSCs in combination with Sertoli and myoid cells to increase testosterone.

Commonly available outcome measures for use in Indian boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder. It is still an incurable disease and many clinical trials are going on to find the cure for this disease. There is a need for sensitive and reliable measures for detecting the disease progression.

Microwave synthesized complex concentrated alloy coatings: Plausible solution to cavitation induced erosion-corrosion.

Surface phenomenon such as cavitation erosion-corrosion limits the working life and durability of the fluid machines through significantly altering the efficiency. Surface modification is an apparent and economical route for improving the sustainability of these components. Recently developed complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) or high entropy alloys (HEAs) possess exceptional properties owing to high configurational entropy.

A Review on Imiquimod Therapy and Discussion on Optimal Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer with an increasing incidence. However, it is still poorly researched compared to many other human diseases. Today, cutaneous neoplasms are a frequent, major problem faced by medical professionals.

Incidence and in-hospital outcomes of single-vessel coronary chronic total occlusion treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) presents a distinct challenge in the field of cardiology owing to multiple reasons including the increased risk of peri-procedural complications. We sought to explore rates of hospitalization, outcomes, use of mechanical circulatory support devices, and economic burden associated with single-vessel coronary CTO undergoing PCI for stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample spanning from 2008 through 2014 was queried to identify hospitalizations associated with single-vessel coronary CTO-PCI for stable CAD by excluding hospitalizations with ST-elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.

A novel cause of postmenopausal bleeding in an immunosuppressed patient.

Malakoplakia is a rare histiocytic disease first described in 1902 by Michaelis and Gutmann. It is associated with host immunocompromise including chronic inflammatory conditions, infectious conditions or malnutrition. Here, we report the case of uterine malakoplakia as a rare cause of postmenopausal bleeding in an immunocompromised patient.

Human breast milk-derived exosomes attenuate cell death in intestinal epithelial cells.

Human breast milk has been shown to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Breast milk has many components (immunoglobulins, proteins, fat, and, of recent interest, exosomes), but the specific component that affords protection against NEC is not known. Exosomes are small-nanometer vesicles that are rich in protein, lipid, and microRNA.

Whole Exome Sequencing of a Consanguineous Turkish Family Identifies a Mutation in GTF2H3 in Brothers With Spermatogenic Failure.

In this case report we describe our investigation into the genetic cause of infertility due to idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia in a consanguineous Turkish family. We extracted DNA from blood and applied whole exome sequencing on 4 infertile brothers in this family diagnosed with oligo- and azoospermia. Standard bioinformatics analysis pipelines were run including alignment to the reference genome, variant calling, and quality control filtering.

Development of a clinically relevant symptom index to assess patients with chronic orchialgia/chronic scrotal content pain.

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a candidate symptom index for men with an established diagnosis of chronic orchialgia.

Methods: Based on interviews with patients and providers, we developed a 70-item questionnaire that focused on seven areas of orchialgia symptoms: pain, location, urinary symptoms, sexual dysfunction, medical history and quality of life (QOL) impact. The questionnaire was completed by patients at two medical centers.

Evaluation of the influence of implant placement timing on the esthetic outcomes of single tooth implant treatment in the anterior maxilla: A retrospective study.

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of implant placement timing on the esthetic outcomes for single implants in the anterior maxilla.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and ten patients (48 males; 62 females) who received a single-tooth implant after extraction either immediately (Type 1); after 4-8 weeks (Type 2); after 8-16 weeks (Type 3); or more than 16 weeks (Type 4) were evaluated in terms of esthetic outcomes after a mean post-placement interval of 26.3 months (range 12-116).

Use of Key Performance Indicators to Improve Milestone Assessment in Semi-Annual Clinical Competency Committee Meetings.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Next Accreditation System requires residency programs to semiannually submit composite milestone data on each resident's performance. This report describes and evaluates a new assessment review procedure piloted in our departmental Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) semi-annual meeting in June 2016.

Methods: A modified Delphi technique was utilized to develop key performance indicators (KPI) linking milestone descriptors to clinical practice.

Longitudinal timed function tests in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: ImagingDMD cohort natural history.

Introduction: Tests of ambulatory function are common clinical trial endpoints in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Using these tests, the ImagingDMD study has generated a large data set that can describe the contemporary natural history of DMD in 5-12.9-year-olds.

Comparing Real-time Versus Delayed Video Assessments for Evaluating ACGME Sub-competency Milestones in Simulated Patient Care Environments.

Background Simulation is an effective method for creating objective summative assessments of resident trainees. Real-time assessment (RTA) in simulated patient care environments is logistically challenging, especially when evaluating a large group of residents in multiple simulation scenarios. To date, there is very little data comparing RTA with delayed (hours, days, or weeks later) video-based assessment (DA) for simulation-based assessments of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) sub-competency milestones.

Concurrent Robotic Pyelolithotomy and Partial Nephrectomy: Tips and Tricks.

Objective: With the evolution of robot-assisted surgery in the urology field, this technology is being applied to treat many genitourinary conditions. Although incidence of urolithiasis and renal neoplasm has increased, encountering both entities in a single kidney is noteworthy. Our video exhibits the concurrent management of a renal calculus and an ipsilateral renal neoplasm using a robotic platform.

ZMapp Reinforces the Airway Mucosal Barrier Against Ebola Virus.

Filoviruses, including Ebola, have the potential to be transmitted via virus-laden droplets deposited onto mucus membranes. Protecting against such emerging pathogens will require understanding how they may transmit at mucosal surfaces and developing strategies to reinforce the airway mucus barrier. Here, we prepared Ebola pseudovirus (with Zaire strain glycoproteins) and used high-resolution multiple-particle tracking to track the motions of hundreds of individual pseudoviruses in fresh and undiluted human airway mucus isolated from extubated endotracheal tubes.

Ultrasonic cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of friction stir processed stainless steel.

Cavitation erosion remains the primary cause of material degradation in fluid machinery components operating at high speed. Micro-jets/shock waves caused by implosion of bubbles on material surface results in significant material loss and premature failure of the components. The presence of corrosive medium further exuberates this effect, causing rapid degradation.

A survey on the use of various gingival displacement techniques in fixed partial denture by the prosthodontists in vadodara city.

Aims: To evaluate the use of various gingival displacement techniques prior to impression making in fixed partial dentures by the Prosthodontists in Vadodara.

Settings And Design: Questionnaire based survey among prosthodontists in Vadodara city.

Methods And Material: All the prosthodontists practitioners and those prosthodontists in academic institutes in Vadodara City, Gujarat, were surveyed through a questionnaire regarding their usage of gingival displacement technique and their reasons and methods of using gingival displacement technique for fixed partial denture.

S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Deficiency Results in Secondary Hypogonadism.

Background: Excess reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are implicated in male infertility and impaired spermatogenesis.

Aim: To investigate the effect of excess reactive nitrogen species and nitrosative stress on testicular function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis using the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-null (Gsnor) mouse model.

Methods: Testis size, pup number, and epididymal sperm concentration and motility of Gsnor mice were compared with those of age-matched wild-type (WT) mice.

Cardiac Calcified Amorphous Tumor in a Newborn.

Calcified amorphous tumors (CATs) of the heart are rare, nonneoplastic, intracavitary lesions, previously thought of as pseudotumors, hamartomas, or calcified thrombi, only reported in few adults in the available literature. This report describes a case of a pedunculated oscillating CAT arising from the left atrial appendage that prolapses through the mitral valve and causes severe mitral regurgitation in a newborn. This is the only case of cardiac CAT described in a neonate.

Clinical and aesthetic outcomes of immediately placed single-tooth implants with immediate vs. delayed restoration in the anterior maxilla: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the timing of restoration on clinical and aesthetic outcomes following immediate implant placement in the maxillary aesthetic zone.

Material And Methods: Forty patients (16 males, 24 females) with a mean age of 50.55 ± 12.

Type 2 Innate Lymphocytes Actuate Immunity Against Tumours and Limit Cancer Metastasis.

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) potentiate immune responses, however, their role in mediating adaptive immunity in cancer has not been assessed. Here, we report that mice genetically lacking ILC2s have significantly increased tumour growth rates and conspicuously higher frequency of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and resulting metastasis to distal organs. Our data support the model that IL-33 dependent tumour-infiltrating ILC2s are mobilized from the lungs and other tissues through chemoattraction to enter tumours, and subsequently mediate tumour immune-surveillance by cooperating with dendritic cells to promote adaptive cytolytic T cell responses.