Barcode activity in a recurrent network model of the hippocampus enables efficient memory binding.

Forming an episodic memory requires binding together disparate elements that co-occur in a single experience. One model of this process is that neurons representing different components of a memory bind to an "index" - a subset of neurons unique to that memory. Evidence for this model has recently been found in chickadees, which use hippocampal memory to store and recall locations of cached food.

Barcoding of episodic memories in the hippocampus of a food-caching bird.

The hippocampus is critical for episodic memory. Although hippocampal activity represents place and other behaviorally relevant variables, it is unclear how it encodes numerous memories of specific events in life. To study episodic coding, we leveraged the specialized behavior of chickadees-food-caching birds that form memories at well-defined moments in time whenever they cache food for subsequent retrieval.

Topography of inputs into the hippocampal formation of a food-caching bird.

The mammalian hippocampal formation (HF) is organized into domains associated with different functions. These differences are driven in part by the pattern of input along the hippocampal long axis, such as visual input to the septal hippocampus and amygdalar input to the temporal hippocampus. HF is also organized along the transverse axis, with different patterns of neural activity in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex.

Barcoding of episodic memories in the hippocampus of a food-caching bird.

Episodic memory, or memory of experienced events, is a critical function of the hippocampus. It is therefore important to understand how hippocampal activity represents specific events in an animal's life. We addressed this question in chickadees - specialist food-caching birds that hide food at scattered locations and use memory to find their caches later in time.

An entorhinal-like region in food-caching birds.

The mammalian entorhinal cortex routes inputs from diverse sources into the hippocampus. This information is mixed and expressed in the activity of many specialized entorhinal cell types, which are considered indispensable for hippocampal function. However, functionally similar hippocampi exist even in non-mammals that lack an obvious entorhinal cortex or, generally, any layered cortex.

Topography of inputs into the hippocampal formation of a food-caching bird.

The mammalian hippocampal formation (HF) is organized into domains associated with different functions. These differences are driven in part by the pattern of input along the hippocampal long axis, such as visual input to the septal hippocampus and amygdalar input to temporal hippocampus. HF is also organized along the transverse axis, with different patterns of neural activity in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex.

Neural learning rules for generating flexible predictions and computing the successor representation.

The predictive nature of the hippocampus is thought to be useful for memory-guided cognitive behaviors. Inspired by the reinforcement learning literature, this notion has been formalized as a predictive map called the successor representation (SR). The SR captures a number of observations about hippocampal activity.

An entorhinal-like region in food-caching birds.

The mammalian entorhinal cortex routes inputs from diverse sources into the hippocampus. This information is mixed and expressed in the activity of many specialized entorhinal cell types, which are considered indispensable for hippocampal function. However, functionally similar hippocampi exist even in non-mammals that lack an obvious entorhinal cortex, or generally any layered cortex.

A high-fat diet changes astrocytic metabolism to promote synaptic plasticity and behavior.

Aim: A high-fat diet (HFD) is generally considered to negatively influence the body, the brain, and cognition. Nonetheless, fat and fatty acids are essential for nourishing and constructing brain tissue. Astrocytes are central for lipolysis and fatty acids metabolism.

Flexible use of memory by food-caching birds.

Animals use memory-guided and memory-independent strategies to make navigational decisions. Disentangling the contribution of these strategies to navigation is critical for understanding how memory influences behavioral output. To address this issue, we studied spatial behaviors of the chickadee, a food-caching bird.

Efficacy of trimetazidine - an inhibitor of free fatty acids oxidation in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris and heart failure.

Aim      To evaluate efficacy of modified-release trimetazidine (TMZ) included into the standard therapy for patients with stable angina and chronic heart failure (CHF) as a part of a subgroup analysis in the PERSPECTIVE study.Material and methods  The study included 806 patients: group 1 (n=691), patients receiving a standard therapy and modified-release TMZ (TMZ group); and group 2 (n=115), patients receiving a standard therapy (control group). Total duration of the study was 12 months.

Neural representations of space in the hippocampus of a food-caching bird.

Spatial memory in vertebrates requires brain regions homologous to the mammalian hippocampus. Between vertebrate clades, however, these regions are anatomically distinct and appear to produce different spatial patterns of neural activity. We asked whether hippocampal activity is fundamentally different even between distant vertebrates that share a strong dependence on spatial memory.

Size-Dependent Biodistribution of Fluorescent Furano-Allocolchicinoid-Chitosan Formulations in Mice.

The aim of this study was to compare the biodistribution in mice of functionalized rhodamine B (Rh) labeled colchicine derivative furano-allocolchicinoid (, ) either conjugated to 40 kDa chitosan (, ) or encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (). AC-NPs were formed by ionotropic gelation and were 400-450 nm in diameter as estimated in mice by dynamic light scattering and confocal microscopy. AC-Chi and AC-NPs preserved the specific colchicine activity in vitro.

Geometric deep learning enables 3D kinematic profiling across species and environments.

Comprehensive descriptions of animal behavior require precise three-dimensional (3D) measurements of whole-body movements. Although two-dimensional approaches can track visible landmarks in restrictive environments, performance drops in freely moving animals, due to occlusions and appearance changes. Therefore, we designed DANNCE to robustly track anatomical landmarks in 3D across species and behaviors.

A Nationwide pilot project to develop rehabilitation services for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To measure progress towards introducing a 3-phase rehabilitation programme, based on the multidisciplinary approach, for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: Seventeen hospital and outpatient medical centres from 13 regions of the Pilot Project. Baseline questionnaires assessed the involvement of multidisciplinary teams, staffing, and the equipment in healthcare facilities.

Visual cue-related activity of cells in the medial entorhinal cortex during navigation in virtual reality.

During spatial navigation, animals use self-motion to estimate positions through path integration. However, estimation errors accumulate over time and it is unclear how they are corrected. Here we report a new cell class ('cue cell') encoding visual cues that could be used to correct errors in path integration in mouse medial entorhinal cortex (MEC).

Glycan-binding profile of DC-like cells.

Modification of vaccine carriers by decoration with glycans can enhance binding to and even targeting of dendritic cells (DCs), thus augmenting vaccine efficacy. To find a specific glycan-"vector" it is necessary to know glycan-binding profile of DCs. This task is not trivial; the small number of circulating blood DCs available for isolation hinders screening and therefore advancement of the profiling.

Clinical Efficacy of а Medical Centre- and Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease After Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery.

Background: Rehabilitation measures are crucial for maintaining clinical benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of a medical centre- and home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients after CABG in an out-patient setting.

Methods: The study included 36 male patients 3-8 weeks after CABG that were randomly assigned to either study or control group.

Imbalances in cellular immunological parameters in blood predetermine tumor onset in a natural mouse model of breast cancer.

The development of new approaches to breast cancer (BC) early diagnosis is an important objective of modern oncology. Although the role of the immune system in cancer initiation process was experimentally well established, the prognostic value of cellular blood immunological parameters (CBIPs) for BC onset prediction was not demonstrated either in clinics or in mouse models. In this study, we focused on revealing informative CBIPs for mammary cancer (MC) onset prediction in the BLRB/BYRB mouse model with a high incidence of natural MC development.

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The review presents the history of establishing cardiac rehabilitation for patients who have had acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary conditions, cardiac and vascular surgery, and intravascular interventions. Stages and physiological basis of this treatment are described.

Local Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer: Benefit and Risk in a Spontaneous Mouse Model.

Earlier, naturally arising mammary cancer in BLRB female mice was shown to reproduce some key pathological characteristics of the familial set of human breast cancer. Then we advanced a novel 3S-paradigm of anticancer research that helped to develop selection criteria and to estimate benefit/risk of local interleukin-2 (IL-2) effects in this spontaneous mouse model. In this paper, the efficacy of single and triple local IL-2 doses is compared using properly selected murine BLRB females based on our previously published data.

[The Complex Program of Rehabilitation of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Ambulatory Cardiorehabilitational Department: Clinical Effects of Third Stage of Rehabilitation].

Purpose: to assess clinical efficacy of early post discharge rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in conditions of a polyclinical department of cardiological rehabilitation (stage III of cardiorehabilitation).

Material And Methods: We included in this study 36 men with IHD in 3-8 weeks (mean 7.8+/-1.

Rhythmic syllable-related activity in a songbird motor thalamic nucleus necessary for learned vocalizations.

Birdsong is a complex behavior that exhibits hierarchical organization. While the representation of singing behavior and its hierarchical organization has been studied in some detail in avian cortical premotor circuits, our understanding of the role of the thalamus in adult birdsong is incomplete. Using a combination of behavioral and electrophysiological studies, we seek to expand on earlier work showing that the thalamic nucleus Uvaeformis (Uva) is necessary for the production of stereotyped, adult song in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata).