Adjustment of guidelines for exposure of the eye to optical radiation from ocular instruments: statement from a task group of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

A variety of optical and electro-optical instruments are used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications to the human eye. These generally expose ocular structures to either coherent or incoherent optical radiation (ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation) under unique conditions. We convert both laser and incoherent exposure guidelines derived for normal exposure conditions to the application of ophthalmic sources.

Endoscopic technique for suturing posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

A challenge of the sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) technique is to perform blind actions behind the iris. To avoid imprecise transscleral sutures and complications, we use an endoscopic procedure with 2 goals: to control the entry site of the needle penetration and of the haptic location. The endoscopic technique allows retroiris control during transscleral suturing and iridociliary IOL implantation.

[Micro-endoscopy of the lacrimal apparatus combined with Erbium YAG laser: an anatomical study. New methods of imaging].

Purpose: To study the anatomic structure and the endoscopic aspect of the lacrimal drainage system and to evaluate the efficacy of the Erbium laser with microendoscope in lacrimal obstruction.

Methods: Twenty lacrimal ducts from ten fresh cadaver heads were used to lead a special rigid probe of 1.1.

One year clinical results of photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy for compound myopic astigmatism.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of excimer laser photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK) to correct compound myopic astigmatism.

Setting: Departments of Ophthalmology, Robert Debré Hospital and Rothschild Foundation, Paris, France.

Methods: This retrospective study included 27 eyes with compound myopic astigmatism treated with a Nidek EC 5000 excimer laser.

[Multifocal implants of 3 optic zones: optical performance and clinical functional results].

Purpose: Evaluation of multifocal IOL (three optical zones).

Methods: Twenty patients were implanted. Main outcome measures were: uncorrected and best corrected distance and near acuity, brigthness acuity test, contrast acuity with differents methods: Pelli-Robson Chart, Gradual System, and spatial visual integration (SVI).

Clinical results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy: a multicenter study of 265 eyes.

Efficacy, predictability, and safety of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy were evaluated at centers in Paris and Brest, France. Photoablation was performed with the VISX laser on 265 eyes (151 at the Paris center and 114 at the Brest center). The eyes were clinically and statistically evaluated over a six month follow-up.

[New biomaterials and cataract surgery].

In 1949, Harold Ridley implanted the first intraocular lens, after cataract surgery, he had chosen as the best available material Polymethyl Metacrylate noticing during the war in the injured eyes of the R.A.F.

[Cytomegalovirus retinitis in children with AIDS acquired through materno-fetal transmission].

Purpose: To describe the clinical feature and the outcome of CMV retinitis in children with vertically transmitted HIV infection.

Results: Five case-reports of cytomegalovirus retinopathy are described. These children from eight month-old to seven and a half year-old (median age at diagnosis 52 months) had been perinatally contaminated by the human immuno-deficiency virus.

Endoscopy under operating microscope. A new device.

Existing technical conditions make it difficult for a single surgeon to simultaneously observe the endoscope and the observation field of the operating microscope. Video endoscopy is not adapted, because it respects neither the constraints of microsurgery (the surgeon has to stop observing the binoculars of the microscope to watch the video screen) nor the micromanipulations necessary for the specialties using micro endoscopy. A new device is described that closely joins endoscope and microscope.

Sex differences in the left and right hemifields of normal subjects with computerised static perimetry.

Results of routine perimetric testing of the left and right hemifields in normal subjects have been assumed to be symmetric although asymmetry due to hemispheric dominance has been established for other psychophysical tests. These asymmetries have sometimes been related to sex. With the advent of computerised static perimetry, subtle differences between the left and the right hemifields might be found that were not obvious before.

Myopic keratomileusis by excimer laser on a lathe.

Background: We designed an excimer laser keratomileusis delivery system to increase the regularity of the refractive cut surface and allow greater precision in the level and shape of the ablated zone.

Methods: A parallel faced corneal disc was produced by microkeratectomy from six human eyes and surgical keratectomy in 12 beagle corneas. A 193-nanometer excimer laser that was used to project an oval beam onto the corneal disc was rotated on a flat surface to ensure overlapping of the ovally ablated areas between pulses.

Effect of preoperative YAG laser anterior capsulotomy on the incidence of posterior capsule opacification: ten year follow-up.

One hundred twenty-two patients, who were followed for ten years, had bilateral extracapsular cataract surgery with implantation of J-looped posterior chamber lenses between 1980 and 1981. On the first eye an anterior capsulotomy was performed with a pico-second YAG laser 12 to 20 hours before surgery; on the second eye a capsulotomy was performed manually at the time of surgery. Four of the eyes (3.

Preliminary study of argon fluoride (193 nm) excimer laser trabeculectomy. Scanning electron microscopy at five months.

There is an increasing interest in the use of the excimer laser in ophthalmology, particularly in refractive surgery. The argon fluoride (193 nm) excimer laser ablates tissue with a high degree of precision and without any mechanical or thermal damage to surrounding structures. In this study, the argon fluoride excimer laser was experimentally used in the rabbit model to perform a trabeculectomy.

One-movement insertion of the superior loop into the bag.

An efficient, simple technique for one-movement insertion of the superior intraocular lens loop into the capsular bag is described. This bimanual technique avoids undue stress on the capsular bag and zonules, may be used with all extracapsular techniques, and is suitable for almost all flexible loop intraocular lenses designed for in-the-bag implantation.

YAG laser treatment in a series of failed trabeculectomies.

YAG laser treatment was used in 22 consecutive cases of failed or failing trabeculectomy. Seven treatments were considered to be successful with a mean decrease in intraocular pressure of 9.8 mm Hg (6 to 13 mm Hg) over a mean follow-up period of 10.

[Quantitative analysis of corneal excisions using argon fluoride excimer laser (193 nanometers)].

Excimer lasers represent a new and distinctive class of laser-tissue interaction termed photoablation. They can ablate materials with a high degree of precision and minimal damage to surrounding structures. The argon Fluoride excimer laser, which offers the possibility of non-contact corneal cutting, has a potential for clinical application of keratorefractive surgery.

Glare disability secondary to YAG laser intraocular lens damage.

Neodymium:YAG laser intraocular lens damage results in opacities in the pseudophakos. When located in the visual axis, these opacities may cause glare and image degradation. In this paper, we report a patient who experienced disabling glare sufficient to require the explanation of the YAG-damaged intraocular lens.

Corneal wound healing after excimer laser keratotomy in a human eye.

A pulsed excimer argon-fluorine laser was used to produce corneal incisions in vivo in a human cornea. Fourteen days after the laser surgery, the incisions were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. There was good initial healing, with no inflammatory or immune reactions in the incisions.