Experimental Study and Modeling of Beer Dealcoholization via Reverse Osmosis.

The goals of the present investigation are to study and to model pale lager beer dealcoholization via reverse osmosis (RO). Samples were dealcoholized at a temperature of 15 ± 1 °C. An Alfa Laval RO99 membrane with a 0.

Dealcoholization of Unfiltered and Filtered Lager Beer by Hollow Fiber Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanofiltration Membranes-The Effect of Ion Rejection.

Membrane-based beverage dealcoholization is a successful process for producing low- and non-alcoholic beer and represents a fast-growing industry. Polyamide NF and RO membranes are commonly applied for this process. Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) NF membranes are emerging as industrially relevant species, and their unique properties (usually hollow fiber geometry, high and tunable selectivity, low fouling) underlines the importance of testing them in the food industry as well.

Biological Activities of Lactose-Derived Prebiotics and Symbiotic with Probiotics on Gastrointestinal System.

Lactose-derived prebiotics provide wide ranges of gastrointestinal comforts. In this review article, the probable biochemical mechanisms through which lactose-derived prebiotics offer positive gastrointestinal health are reported along with the up-to-date results of clinical investigations; this might be the first review article of its kind, to the best of our knowledge. Lactose-derived prebiotics have unique biological and functional values, and they are confirmed as 'safe' by the Food and Drug Administration federal agency.

The stability limits of highly active nitrogen doped carbon ORR nano-catalysts: a mechanistic study of degradation reactions.

A new approach in electrode catalysis bearing immense potential for electrochemical technologies is the prospect of carbon-based electrodes. Pristine carbon nanostructures are relatively inert and modifications like nitrogen doping are known for their beneficial effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon nanomaterials in both alkaline and acidic media. However, the long-term stability of these materials, especially in an acidic environment, is rarely mentioned.

Fast Degradation for High Activity: Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes in Solid-Acid Fuel-Cell Electrodes.

Similar to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, the widespread application of solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs) has been hindered partly by the necessity of the use of the precious-metal catalyst Pt in the electrodes. Here we investigate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for their potential catalytic activity by using symmetric cell measurements of solid-acid-based electrochemical cells in a cathodic environment. For all measurements, the carbon nanotubes were Pt free and subject to either nitrogen or oxygen plasma treatment.

Carbon nanotubes as electronic interconnects in solid acid fuel cell electrodes.

Carbon nanotubes have been explored as interconnects in solid acid fuel cells to improve the link between nanoscale Pt catalyst particles and macroscale current collectors. The nanotubes were grown by chemical vapor deposition on carbon paper substrates, using nickel nanoparticles as the catalyst, and were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The composite electrode material, consisting of CsH2PO4, platinum nanoparticles, and platinum on carbon-black nanoparticles, was deposited onto the nanotube-overgrown carbon paper by electrospraying, forming a highly porous, fractal structure.