Development and Evaluation of the Pediatric Diabetes Routine Questionnaire for Parents of Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

This study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Pediatric Diabetes Routines Questionnaire for Parents of Young Children (PDRQ-PYC) with type 1 diabetes, a measure adapted from the school-age and adolescent versions of the PDRQ, to measure diabetes-specific routines in families with children under age 6 years with type 1 diabetes. Participants included 173 parents of young children with type 1 diabetes (YC-T1D) who completed measures of diabetes-specific routines, diabetes adjustment, self-efficacy, benefit finding, depression, child behavior problems, spousal support, and T1D treatment engagement. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor model consisting of a unidimensional PDRQ-PYC total score.

Topical Review: Crowdsourcing as a Novel Approach to Qualitative Research.

Objective: To describe a novel, five-phase approach to collecting qualitative data from hard-to-reach populations using crowdsourcing methods.

Methods: Drawing from experiences across recent studies with type 1 diabetes and congenital heart disease stakeholders, we describe five phases of crowdsourcing methodology, an innovative approach to conducting qualitative research within an online environment, and discuss relevant practical and ethical issues.

Results: Phases of crowdsourcing methodology are: (I) Preparing; (II) Forming Crowds; (III) Collecting Crowdsourced Data; (IV) Coding and Analyzing Crowdsourced Data; and (V) Generating and Disseminating Findings.

Development and content validation of the Healthcare Transition Outcomes Inventory for young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Background: The literature on the specification and measurement of the outcomes of the healthcare transition from pediatric to adult centered-care is scarce and methodologically weak. To address these gaps, we conducted a series of studies to develop a multidimensional, multi-informant (young adults, parents, and healthcare providers) measure of healthcare transition outcomes for young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the Healthcare Transition Outcomes Inventory (HCTOI). The current study describes the development and refinement of the HCTOI item pool.

Development and Validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS).

Objective: This article extends work on a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment and describes the: (a) development and (b) validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS), a broad measure of caregiver adjustment.

Methods: Participants were caregivers (nstudy1 = 51; nstudy2 = 177) of very young children (<6 years old) with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). In study 1, researchers and stakeholders collaborated to develop 92 items using the 5 domains of a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment to the challenges of raising a very young child with T1D, and parents and researchers provided feedback on these items.

Interviews with caregivers during acute asthma hospitalisations.

Childhood asthma is complex and poor management of childhood asthma is the leading health reason for pediatric emergency department visits, hospitalizations and missed school days for school-aged children. The purpose of this study was to explore caregiver perceptions of home management of childhood asthma in school-aged children who have been hospitalized for asthma. Using qualitative descriptive design with in-depth interviews, we aimed to explore family caregiver perceptions of managing asthma in school-aged children between 5 and 12 years of age.

Benefit finding among parents of young children with type 1 diabetes.

Benefit finding, perceived positive effects of adversity, has been associated with psychological well-being in people with chronic illnesses and with better adherence for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our qualitative research with parents of young children (< 6 years old) with T1D indicated that benefit finding (BF) is a common parental coping mechanism, but no tools exist to measure BF in parents. We determined psychometric properties of the Diabetes Benefit Finding Scale for Parents (DBFS-P), a 16-item questionnaire adapted from the validated adolescent version.

Can proactive rapid response team rounding improve surveillance and reduce unplanned escalations in care? A controlled before and after study.

Background: Unplanned escalations manifest as a breakdown of hospital care attributable to clinician error through missed or delayed identification of physiological instability, ineffective treatment, or iatrogenic harm.

Objectives: To examine the impact of an Early Warning Score-based proactive rapid response team model on the frequency of unplanned intra-hospital escalations in care compared with a rapid response team model based on staff nurse identification of vital sign derangements.

Design: Pre- and post Early Warning Score-guided proactive rapid response team model intervention.

A Web-Based Coping Intervention by and for Parents of Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: User-Centered Design.

Background: Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) among children aged <6 years is exceptionally challenging for parents and caregivers. Metabolic and psychosocial outcomes among very young children with T1D (YC-T1D) are tightly associated with their parents' ability to meet these challenges. There is scant research testing interventions targeting these issues and few resources to equip health care providers with feasible and effective coping strategies for these parents.

Flourishing: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis.

Purpose: Mental health is an important measure of public health (WHO, 2004); however, nursing practice and research continues to prioritize mental illness, rather than well-being (Wand, 2011). Flourishing is a recent concept in the field of well-being. The term has been used sparingly in nursing practice and research, and conceptual clarification is needed to promote comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.

Health Care Transition for Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Stakeholder Engagement for Defining Optimal Outcomes.

Objectives: Research on the transition to adult care for young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) emphasizes transition readiness, with less emphasis on transition outcomes. The relatively few studies that focus on outcomes use a wide variety of measures with little reliance on stakeholder engagement for measure selection.

Methods: This study engaged multiple stakeholders (i.

The Ups and Downs of Parenting Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Crowdsourcing Study.

Objectives: Parenting young children with type 1 diabetes (YC-T1D) entails pervasive challenges; parental coping may influence child and parent outcomes. This study used a qualitative descriptive design to describe these challenges comprehensively to inform the user-centered design of an Internet coping resource for parents.

Methods: A "Parent Crowd" of 153 parents of children with T1D onset at ≤ 5 years old submitted textual responses online to open-ended questions about parenting YC-T1D.

Longitudinal study of stress, social support, and depression in married Arab immigrant women.

Using a stress and social support framework, this study explored the trajectory of depression in 388 married Arab immigrant women. The women provided three panels of data approximately 18 months apart. Depression at Time 3 was regressed on Time 1 depression, socio-demographic variables, and rate of change over time in stress and social support.

Commentary: Writing and Evaluating Qualitative Research Reports.

Objective: To provide an overview of qualitative methods, particularly for reviewers and authors who may be less familiar with qualitative research.

Methods: A question and answer format is used to address considerations for writing and evaluating qualitative research.

Results And Conclusions: When producing qualitative research, individuals are encouraged to address the qualitative research considerations raised and to explicitly identify the systematic strategies used to ensure rigor in study design and methods, analysis, and presentation of findings.

Daily hassles, mother-child relationship, and behavior problems in Muslim Arab American adolescents in immigrant families.

Objective: This longitudinal study examines reciprocal and dynamic relations among daily hassles, the mother-child relationship, and adolescent behavior problems and whether the relations differed by sociodemographic variables.

Method: Three waves of data about adolescent daily hassles, quality of the mother-child relationship, and adolescent behavior problems were collected from 454 Arab Muslim adolescents and their immigrant mothers over a 3-year period. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine reciprocal relations among the study variables.

First-Time Mothers with a History of Infertility: Their Internalized Pressure to Breastfeed.

Background: The meaning of breastfeeding and breastfeeding experiences has been studied extensively in general and specific populations. However, there is little research about the meaning of breastfeeding and breastfeeding experiences in first-time mothers who were previously infertile.

Objective: This article aims to understand the breastfeeding experiences of new mothers with a history of infertility.

The early postpartum experience of previously infertile mothers.

Objective: To explore the lived experience of becoming a new mother from the unique perspectives of previously infertile women.

Design: A descriptive phenomenological design was used to extract the fundamental structure of the postpartum experience of previously infertile mothers.

Setting: Central Florida.

Longitudinal study of daily hassles in adolescents in Arab Muslim immigrant families.

This study investigated which daily hassles (i.e., parent, school, peer, neighborhood, and resource) were perceived by Arab Muslim immigrant adolescents as most stressful over a three-year time period and according to child's gender and mother's immigration status (i.

"A bump in the road": older women's views on surviving breast cancer.

Due to the aging of the Baby Boomer generation, surviving with breast cancer will become more common, but also more complicated, as older women are often dealing with additional chronic illnesses and problems of aging. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how older women view surviving breast cancer in context with aging. Findings suggest that most women are able to put their cancer experience in the background and come to view breast cancer as a bump in the road through expecting illness with aging, putting cancer in perspective, and sensing a partnership.

Interactive performance and focus groups with adolescents: the power of play.

Conducting focus groups with adolescents can be challenging given their developmental needs, particularly with sensitive topics. These challenges include intense need for peer approval, declining social trust, short attention span, and reliance on concrete operations thinking. In this article, we describe an adaptation of interactive performance as an alternative to traditional focus group method.

Adapting large batteries of research measures for immigrants.

A four-step, streamlined process to adapt a large battery of measures for a study of mother-child adjustment in Arab Muslim immigrants and the lessons learned are described. The streamlined process includes adapting content, translation, pilot testing, and extensive psychometric evaluation but omits in-depth qualitative inquiry to identify the full content domain of the constructs of interest and cognitive interviews to assess how respondents interpret items. Lessons learned suggest that the streamlined process is not sufficient for certain measures, particularly when there is little published information about how the measure performs with different groups, the measure requires substantial item revision to achieve content equivalence, and the measure is both challenging to translate and has little to no redundancy.

Hypertension prevention beliefs of Hispanics.

Purpose: This qualitative study used focus group methodology to explore attitudes and beliefs of Hispanics regarding hypertension prevention behaviors.

Method: The sample was composed of 17 participants from varied Hispanic backgrounds. The theory of planned behavior guided interview questions.

Discrimination against Muslim American adolescents.

Although there is ample evidence of discrimination toward Muslim Americans in general, there is limited information specific to Muslim American adolescents. The few existing studies specific to this age group suggest that Muslim American adolescents encounter much discrimination from teachers, school administrators, and classmates. This descriptive qualitative study complements the few existing studies on Muslim American adolescents by obtaining in-depth description of the discrimination they encounter.

Premigration persecution, postmigration stressors and resources, and postmigration mental health: a study of severely traumatized U.S. Arab immigrant women.

Background: Competing theories exist regarding the importance of premigration trauma as compared with postmigration stressors and resources with respect to the risk to immigrant mental health.

Objective: To examine how type of premigration trauma, postmigration stressors, and postmigration resources differentially predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptomatology in Arab immigrant women who have been exposed to premigration trauma.

Design: Descriptive, using multinomial logistic regression to explain membership in one of four groups: (a) PTSD only (n = 14), (b) MDD (n = 162), (c) comorbid PTSD-MDD (n = 148), and (d) subclinical symptoms (n = 209).

Posttreatment concerns of older women with early-stage breast cancer.

Background: The majority of older (aged ≥65 years) women diagnosed with breast cancer are in the early stage. However, little is known about older women's posttreatment concerns in the early stages of survivorship.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe posttreatment-related concerns of older, early-stage breast cancer survivors.

A longitudinal family-level model of Arab Muslim adolescent behavior problems.

Arab-American Muslim adolescents in immigrant families face a number of challenges that put them at risk for behavior problems. This study of Arab-American Muslim Adolescents and their relatively recent immigrant mothers tested a longitudinal family-level model of adolescent behavior problems. Mother-adolescent dyads (N = 530) completed measures of maternal and adolescent stressors, active and avoidance coping, and social support; maternal distress; quality of mother-child relationship; and adolescent behavior problems at Time 1 and approximately 18 months later.