Bi- and Monoallelic Variants and Chronic Kidney Disease in West Africans.

Background: Apolipoprotein L1 gene () variants are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Black Americans. Data are sparse on the genetic epidemiology of CKD and the clinical association of variants with CKD in West Africans, a major group in the Black population.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving participants from Ghana and Nigeria who had CKD stages 2 through 5, biopsy-proven glomerular disease, or no kidney disease.

Capacity for the management of kidney failure in the International Society of Nephrology Africa region: report from the 2023 ISN Global Kidney Atlas (ISN-GKHA).

The burden of chronic kidney disease and associated risk of kidney failure are increasing in Africa. The management of people with chronic kidney disease is fraught with numerous challenges because of limitations in health systems and infrastructures for care delivery. From the third iteration of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas, we describe the status of kidney care in the ISN Africa region using the World Health Organization building blocks for health systems.

Clinicopathologic Study of Sickle Cell-associated Kidney Disease: A Nigerian Experience.

Background: Improvements in sickle cell disease (SCD) care have resulted in the survival of many patients into adulthood, although this is accompanied by the increased incidence of end-organ damage, including chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and predictors of renal dysfunction in SCD patients and investigated the associated renal histopathologic changes.

Methods: We evaluated 105 patients with SCD, for proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tubular dysfunction.

Association between periodontal inflamed surface area and systemic inflammatory biomarkers among pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: Several studies have shown an association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis. However, only few studies have quantified the burden of periodontal inflammation in pre-dialysis CKD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the association between periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and systemic inflammatory biomarkers among pre-dialysis CKD patients.

Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden and Association With CKD in Ghana and Nigeria.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD in Africa is not well characterized. We determined the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors, and association with CKD in the Human Heredity for Health in Africa Kidney Disease Research Network study.

Methods: We recruited patients with and without CKD in Ghana and Nigeria.

Comparative Evaluation of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathologic Features of Kidney Disease in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Patients at a Tertiary Health Facility in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria.

Infection of the kidneys by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to cause kidney disease. HIV-associated nephropathy occurs with variable prevalence rates in various communities and is found to be higher among sub-Saharan Africans. The disease has not been studied in Northeastern Nigeria.

Health inequities and the inappropriate use of race in nephrology.

Chronic kidney disease is an important clinical condition beset with racial and ethnic disparities that are associated with social inequities. Many medical schools and health centres across the USA have raised concerns about the use of race - a socio-political construct that mediates the effect of structural racism - as a fixed, measurable biological variable in the assessment of kidney disease. We discuss the role of race and racism in medicine and outline many of the concerns that have been raised by the medical and social justice communities regarding the use of race in estimated glomerular filtration rate equations, including its relationship with structural racism and racial inequities.

HIV Viremia Is Associated With Variants and Reduced JC-Viruria.

Variants in the () gene (G1-rs60910145, rs73885319, G2-rs71785313) are common in Africans and in individuals of recent African ancestry and are associated with an increased risk of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in particular of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In light of the significantly increased risk of HIVAN in carriers of two risk alleles, a role in HIV infectivity has been postulated in the mechanism of associated kidney disease. Herein, we aim to explore the association between HIV viremia and genotype.

International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Africa.

Despite positive economic forecasts, stable democracies, and reduced regional conflicts since the turn of the century, Africa continues to be afflicted by poverty, poor infrastructure, and a massive burden of communicable diseases such as HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal illnesses. With the rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure worldwide, these factors continue to hinder the ability to provide kidney care for millions of people on the continent. The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas project was established to assess the global burden of kidney disease and measure global capacity for kidney replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).

Renal risk profiling in newly diagnosed hypertensives in an urban population in Nigeria.

Introduction: Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease globally. The other factors that work in concert with hypertension to cause CKD are yet to be clearly elucidated. Studies have identified proteinuria, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and family history of CKD as renal risk factors.

Prevalence and pattern of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders among hemodialysis patients in kano, northwest nigeria.

Introduction: Mineral and bone disorders (MBD) are among the important complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including end-stage renal disease. In addition to the higher rate of all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality, MBD is also a cause of significant morbidity in CKD patients.

Materials And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of all consenting patients on hemodialysis at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, between December 2011 and June 2012.

Burden and etiopathogenesis of acute kidney injury in the tropics.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. The epidemiology differs remarkably between developing and developed economies. Infections, diarrheal illnesses, obstetric causes and nephrotoxins are very rampant in the tropics.

Burden of end-stage renal disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) particularly in its most severe form, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is highly prevalent globally. Although both the incidence and prevalence appears to be increasing, the rate of increase is far higher in developing countries, probably as a result of underdevelopment, high incidence of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, poverty as well as inaccessible, unavailable, or unaffordable treatment modalities. The epidemiology differs remarkably between developing and developed economies - it afflicts the young and middle-aged in the former and older individuals in the latter.

Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of celiac and mesenteric arteries in subjects with sickle cell disease.

Vasculopathy, as occurring in sickle cell disease (SCD), can affect celiac and mesenteric arteries and result in stenosis, with elevated peak systolic velocity (PSV) on Doppler ultrasonography. In six subjects with confirmed SCD in steady state, routine Doppler ultrasonographic examination discovered features of celiac artery (CA) or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenosis with CA PSV >200 cm/s (median = 222.8 cm/s; range = 201.

Clinical presentation and outcome of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Nigeria.

Introduction: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is presumably rare in Africa. Knowledge about the disease in Nigeria is limited as demonstrated by scanty articles on the subject.

Objectives: To determine the pattern of clinical presentation and outcome of ADPKD among ADPKD patients.

Global Prevalence of Protein-Energy Wasting in Kidney Disease: A Meta-analysis of Contemporary Observational Studies From the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism.

Objective: To better define the prevalence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in kidney disease is poorly defined.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of PEW prevalence from contemporary studies including more than 50 subjects with kidney disease, published during 2000-2014 and reporting on PEW prevalence by subjective global assessment or malnutrition-inflammation score. Data were reviewed throughout different strata: (1) acute kidney injury (AKI), (2) pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), (3) nondialyzed CKD 3-5, (4) maintenance dialysis, and (5) subjects undergoing kidney transplantation (Tx).

The burden of caring for renal patients: The nurses perspective.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Nigeria is on the increase and it is associated with increasing caregiving burden for both the professionals and informal caregivers. This study evaluated the burden experienced by nurses caring for CKD patients, identified the procedures causing the caregiving burden and factors associated with burden in two hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty nurses caring for renal patients were selected from two health institutions in Ondo State.

Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury requiring dialysis as an indicator of severe adverse maternal morbidity at a tertiary center in Southwest Nigeria.

Objective: Despite being a Critical Intervention in the WHO Near-miss concept, the indications and clinical outcomes of patients with Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury (PRAKI) requiring dialysis at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Nigeria remain unknown. This retrospective review was conducted to facilitate counselling, prognostication and introduction of preventative measures by providing contemporary data on the aetiology and clinical outcomes of women with PRAKI.

Study Design: A retrospective review.

Dialysis Requirement and Long-Term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Superimposed Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who experience superimposed acute kidney injury (AKI) have been shown to be at higher risk of long-term sequelae of AKI when compared to those who do not experience AKI. It remains unclear whether the need for temporary dialysis intervention following superimposed AKI in patients with CKD has any effect on the long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This study examines the relationship between temporary dialysis therapy following AKI and long-term major cardiovascular events in patients with background CKD.

Outcomes in adults and children with end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.

Background: The burden of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown but is probably high. Access to dialysis for ESKD is limited by insufficient infrastructure and catastrophic out-of-pocket costs. Most patients remain undiagnosed, untreated, and die.

Dialysis requirement, long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in hospital acquired acute kidney injury (AKI): a propensity-matched cohort study.

Background: Dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (D-AKI) is common in hospitalized patients. Many patients survive the immediate post AKI period, thus at risk of suffering long-term sequelae of AKI. Prior studies examining long term outcomes lack non-dialyzed AKI control groups.

Major Depression and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: The prevalence of depression and its relationship to poor outcomes in chronic kidney disease are established facts. Such prognostic impact in acute kidney injury (AKI) is not known. This study determines the prognostic implication of a diagnosis of depression on renal recovery and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a new diagnosis of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease (CVD, stroke or transient ischemic attack) or congestive heart failure (CHF) after hospitalization with AKI.

Spectrum of kidney diseases in Africa: malaria, schistosomiasis, sickle cell disease, and toxins.

Kidney diseases have assumed epidemic proportions in both developed and developing countries, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). While treatment modalities are available and accessible in developed economies with improvement in outcomes, survival, and quality of life, they are either unavailable or inaccessible in nations with emerging economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with an attendant worsening outcome and survival for CKD patients. The epidemiology of CKD in SSA has revealed that it preferentially affects adults in their economically productive years, usually below the age of 50 years, with consequent drain on the economy.