Cardiometabolic and immune response to exercise training in patients with metabolic syndrome: retrospective analysis of two randomized clinical trials.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the presence of central obesity plus ≥two metabolic/cardiovascular risk factors (RF), with inflammation being a major disease-driving mechanism. Structured endurance exercise training (ET) may positively affect these traits, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇Opeak).

Aims: We explore individual ET-mediated improvements of MetS-associated RF in relation to improvements in V̇Opeak and inflammatory profile.

Acute effects of high intensity training on cardiac function: a pilot study comparing subjects with type 2 diabetes to healthy controls.

This study evaluated acute cardiac stress after a high-intensity interval training session in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) versus healthy controls. High intensity aerobic exercise was performed by 4 × 4-min intervals (90-95% of maximal heart rate), followed by a ramp protocol to peak oxygen uptake. Echocardiography was performed before and 30 min after exercise.

Effect of Carbohydrate Content in a Pre-event Meal on Endurance Performance-Determining Factors: A Randomized Controlled Crossover-Trial.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the relative CHO content in a pre-event meal on time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake ( ), the 2nd lactate threshold (LT2), onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and work economy (WE) and to compare responses between well-trained and recreationally trained individuals. Eleven well-trained and 10 recreationally trained men performed three trials in a randomized cross-over design, in which they performed exercise tests (1) after a high-CHO pre-event meal (3 g · kg), (2) a low-CHO pre-event meal (0.5 g · kg), or (3) in a fasted-state.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training After Stroke (The HIIT Stroke Study) on Physical and Cognitive Function: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical, mental, and cognitive functioning after stroke.

Design: The HIIT Stroke Study was a single-blind, multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Specialized rehabilitation units at 3 Norwegian hospitals.

The Inclusion of Sprints in Low-Intensity Sessions During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists Improves Endurance Performance 6 Weeks Into the Subsequent Preparatory Period.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of including repeated sprints in a weekly low-intensity (LIT) session during a 3-week transition period on cycling performance 6 weeks into the subsequent preparatory period (PREP) in elite cyclists.

Methods: Eleven elite male cyclists (age = 22.0 [3.

The Effect of Exercise Intensity and Volume on Metabolic Phenotype in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) ameliorates dysmetabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The impact of low- (1HIIT) versus high-volume high-intensity interval training (4HIIT) versus MICT on central adiposity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with MetS has not yet been reported. Twenty-nine patients with MetS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria (nine females, age 61 ± 5 years, body mass index 31.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training After Stroke (the HIIT-Stroke Study): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine if 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in addition to standard care would increase and maintain peak oxygen uptake (Vo) more than standard care alone in patients with stroke.

Design: This was a single-blind, multicenter, parallel group, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Specialized rehabilitation units at 3 Norwegian hospitals.

β adrenergic interaction and cardiac autonomic function: effects of aerobic training in overweight/obese individuals.

Purpose: To verify the influence of different volumes and intensities of aerobic exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF) through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as well the influence of β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) variants in overweight/obese individuals.

Methods: 70 physically inactive adults were randomly allocated into the following 16-week training: 1-high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 25, 1 × 4 min bout at 85-95%HR peak, 3×/week), 4-HIIT (n = 26, 4 × 4 min bouts at 85-95%HR peak, interspersed with 3 min of recovery at 50-70%HR peak, 3×/week), and moderate continuous training (MCT) (n = 19, 30 min at 60-70%HR peak, 5×/week). Before and after the exercise training, anthropometric, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness, and HRV measures were evaluated.

Comparison of Mitochondrial Respiration in M. triceps brachii and M. vastus lateralis Between Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Physically Active Controls.

Rationale: The main purposes of this study were to compare mitochondrial respiration in M. triceps brachii and M. vastus lateralis between elite cross-country (XC) skiers and physically active controls (CON), and to explore the associations between mitochondrial respiration in these muscles and peak oxygen uptake ( O) in arm- and leg-dominant exercise modes.

EX-MET study: exercise in prevention on of metabolic syndrome - a randomized multicenter trial: rational and design.

Background: Metabolic syndrome substantially increases risk of cardiovascular events. It is therefore imperative to develop or optimize ways to prevent or attenuate this condition. Exercise training has been long recognized as a corner-stone therapy for reducing individual cardiovascular risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome.

Oxygen uptake during functional activities after stroke-Reliability and validity of a portable ergospirometry system.

Background: People with stroke have a low peak aerobic capacity and experience increased effort during performance of daily activities. The purpose of this study was to examine test-retest reliability of a portable ergospirometry system in people with stroke during performance of functional activities in a field-test. Secondary aims were to examine the proportion of oxygen consumed during the field-test in relation to the peak-test and to analyse the correlation between the oxygen uptake during the field-test and peak-test in order to support the validity of the field-test.

High-intensity interval training improves obstructive sleep apnoea.

Background: Three hours per week of vigorous physical activity is found to be associated with reduced odds of sleep-disordered breathing.

Aim: To investigate whether 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) reduced the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) in obese subjects with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea.

Methods: In a prospective randomised controlled exercise study, 30 (body mass index 37±6 kg/m, age 51±9 years) patients with sleep apnoea (AHI 41.

Effects of exercise intensity and nutrition advice on myocardial function in obese children and adolescents: a multicentre randomised controlled trial study protocol.

Introduction: The prevalence of paediatric obesity is increasing, and with it, lifestyle-related diseases in children and adolescents. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has recently been explored as an alternate to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in adults with chronic disease and has been shown to induce a rapid reversal of subclinical disease markers in obese children and adolescents. The primary aim of this study is to compare the effects of HIIT with MICT on myocardial function in obese children and adolescents.

Aerobic Interval Training Reduces the Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in the Short Term: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Exercise training is an effective treatment for important atrial fibrillation (AF) comorbidities. However, a high level of endurance exercise is associated with an increased AF prevalence. We assessed the effects of aerobic interval training (AIT) on time in AF, AF symptoms, cardiovascular health, and quality of life in AF patients.

The impact of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on vascular function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vascular dysfunction is a precursor to the atherosclerotic cascade, significantly increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have revealed a strong relationship between vascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Thus, since high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent method of improving CRF, several small randomized trials have investigated the impact on vascular function of HIIT relative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).

Sport-Specific Physiological Adaptations in Highly Trained Endurance Athletes.

Purpose: This study aims to compare maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), blood volume (BV), hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), and brachial endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), in international-level endurance athletes primarily exercising with the whole body (cross-country skiing), lower body (orienteering), or upper body (flatwater kayak).

Methods: Seventeen cross-country skiers, 15 orienteers, and 11 flatwater kayakers were tested for V˙O2max, BV, Hbmass, and FMD. Additionally, body composition and annual training (type, volume, and intensity of training) were analyzed.

Effects of acute supplementation of L-arginine and nitrate on endurance and sprint performance in elite athletes.

This study examined the effects of acute supplementation with L-arginine and nitrate on running economy, endurance and sprint performance in endurance-trained athletes. In a randomised cross-over, double-blinded design we compared the effects of combined supplementation with 6 g L-arginine and 614 mg nitrate against 614 mg nitrate alone and placebo in nine male elite cross-country skiers (age 18 ± 0 years, VO2max 69.3 ± 5.

Effect of 24 sessions of high-intensity aerobic interval training carried out at either high or moderate frequency, a randomized trial.

Purpose: The training response of an intensified period of high-intensity exercise is not clear. Therefore, we compared the cardiovascular adaptations of completing 24 high-intensity aerobic interval training sessions carried out for either three or eight weeks, respectively.

Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects (23.

Low- and high-volume of intensive endurance training significantly improves maximal oxygen uptake after 10-weeks of training in healthy men.

Unlabelled: Regular exercise training improves maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), but the optimal intensity and volume necessary to obtain maximal benefit remains to be defined. A growing body of evidence suggests that exercise training with low-volume but high-intensity may be a time-efficient means to achieve health benefits. In the present study, we measured changes in VO2max and traditional cardiovascular risk factors after a 10 wk.

Aerobic exercise training improves right- and left ventricular systolic function in patients with COPD.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate continuous training (MCT) and high intensity aerobic interval training (AIT) on systolic ventricular function and aerobic capacity in COPD patients.

Methods: Seventeen patients with COPD (64 ± 8 years, 12 men) with FEV1 of 52.8 ± 11% of predicted, were randomly assigned to isocaloric programs of MCT at 70% of max heart rate (HR) for 47 minutes) or AIT (~90% of max HR for 4×4 minutes) three times per week for 10 weeks.

Dietary nitrate does not enhance running performance in elite cross-country skiers.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of acute ingestion of dietary nitrate on endurance running performance in highly trained cross-country skiers. Dietary nitrate has been shown to reduce the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and improve tolerance of high-intensity exercise, but it is not known if this holds true for highly trained endurance athletes.

Methods: Ten male junior cross-country skiers (V˙O(2max)) ≈ 70 mL·kg·min) each completed two trials in a randomized, double-blind design.

High-intensity knee extensor training restores skeletal muscle function in COPD patients.

Improving reduced skeletal muscle function is important for optimising exercise tolerance and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. By applying high-intensity training to a small muscle group, we hypothesised a normalisation of muscle function. Seven patients with COPD performed 6 weeks (3 days·week(-1)) of high-intensity interval aerobic knee extensor exercise training.

Aerobic interval training reduces blood pressure and improves myocardial function in hypertensive patients.

Aims: Exercise is recommended as prevention, management, and control of all stages of hypertension. There are still controversies about the optimal training dose, frequency, and intensity. We aimed to study the effect of aerobic interval training on blood pressure and myocardial function in hypertensive patients.

Impaired cardiac function among obese adolescents: effect of aerobic interval training.

Objectives: To measure cardiac function before and after 3 months of aerobic interval training in obese adolescents and to compare the findings with those in lean counterparts.

Design: Exercise intervention study. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and maximal oxygen uptake by ergospirometry.