Nighttime-specific differential gene expression in suprachiasmatic nucleus and habenula is associated with resilience to chronic social stress.

The molecular mechanisms that link stress and biological rhythms still remain unclear. The habenula (Hb) is a key brain region involved in regulating diverse types of emotion-related behaviours while the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the body's central clock. To investigate the effects of chronic social stress on transcription patterns, we performed gene expression analysis in the Hb and SCN of stress-naïve and stress-exposed mice.

Expanding the scope of the successive ring expansion strategy for macrocycle and medium-sized ring synthesis: unreactive and reactive lactams.

New methods are described that expand the scope of the Successive Ring Expansion (SuRE) with respect to synthetically challenging lactams. A protocol has been developed for use with 'unreactive' lactams, enabling SuRE reactions to be performed on subsrates that fail under previously established conditions. Ring expansion is also demonstarted on 'reactive' lactams derived from iminosugars for the first time.

Climate change impacts on groundwater discharge-dependent streamflow in an alpine headwater catchment.

Climate change will have-and, in much of the world, is already having-a pronounced impact on alpine water resources. A deeper understanding of the future role of groundwater in alpine catchments, including quantification of climate change impacts on groundwater discharge, is vital for understanding the future of alpine water resources as a whole. Here, we develop and couple a geophysics-informed groundwater model with a net recharge model to investigate the impacts of climate change on a nival-regime alpine headwater catchment with significant unconfined Quaternary aquifer coverage.

Systems genetics identifies miRNA-mediated regulation of host response in COVID-19.

Background: Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 vary greatly in their disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe disease. The regulation of gene expression is an important mechanism in the host immune response and can modulate the outcome of the disease. miRNAs play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation with consequences on downstream molecular and cellular host immune response processes.

A Central Role of Telomere Dysfunction in the Formation of a Unique Translocation within the Sub-Telomere Region Resulting in Duplication and Partial Trisomy.

Telomeres play a major role in maintaining genome stability and integrity. Putative involvement of telomere dysfunction in the formation of various types of chromosomal aberrations is an area of active research. Here, we report a case of a six-month-old boy with a chromosomal gain encompassing the 11q22.

Fibroblast Differentiation and Matrix Remodeling Impaired under Simulated Microgravity in 3D Cell Culture Model.

Exposure to microgravity affects astronauts' health in adverse ways. However, less is known about the extent to which fibroblast differentiation during the wound healing process is affected by the lack of gravity. One of the key steps of this process is the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which contribute functionally through extracellular matrix production and remodeling.

Identification of tissue-specific and common methylation quantitative trait loci in healthy individuals using MAGAR.

Background: Understanding the influence of genetic variants on DNA methylation is fundamental for the interpretation of epigenomic data in the context of disease. There is a need for systematic approaches not only for determining methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTL), but also for discriminating general from cell type-specific effects.

Results: Here, we present a two-step computational framework MAGAR ( https://bioconductor.

Diatom modulation of select bacteria through use of two unique secondary metabolites.

Unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton, such as diatoms, rely on microbial communities for survival despite lacking specialized compartments to house microbiomes (e.g., animal gut).

Integrative genomic analysis reveals mechanisms of immune evasion in P. falciparum malaria.

The mechanisms behind the ability of Plasmodium falciparum to evade host immune system are poorly understood and are a major roadblock in achieving malaria elimination. Here, we use integrative genomic profiling and a longitudinal pediatric cohort in Burkina Faso to demonstrate the role of post-transcriptional regulation in host immune response in malaria. We report a strong signature of miRNA expression differentiation associated with P.

Mitochondrial mutations in non-syndromic hearing loss at UAE.

Introduction: Hearing loss (HL) is a common sensory disorder over the world, and it has been estimated that genetic etiology is involved in more than 50% of the cases in developed countries. Both nuclear and mitochondrial genes were reported as responsible for hereditary HL. Mitochondrial mutations leading to HL have so far been reported in the MT-RNR1 gene, mitochondrially encoded 12S rRNA.

Telomere and Centromere Staining Followed by M-FISH Improves Diagnosis of Chromosomal Instability and Its Clinical Utility.

Dicentric chromosomes are a relevant marker of chromosomal instability. Their appearance is associated with telomere dysfunction, leading to cancer progression and a poor clinical outcome. Here, we present Telomere and Centromere staining followed by M-FISH (TC+M-FISH) for improved detection of telomere dysfunction and the identification of dicentric chromosomes in cancer patients and various genetic syndromes.

Forensic intelligence on illicit markets: The example of watch counterfeiting.

Counterfeit luxury fashion goods have rarely been the subject of scientific studies. Very little is known about the mechanisms of this illicit market despite the apparent prevalence and their adverse consequences. Counterfeit watches remain one of the preferred targets in the luxury goods segment.

Elemental analysis for profiling counterfeit watches.

Counterfeit watches are products of illicit activity and contain traces of their production and distribution. Traces provide pertinent information through one of their fundamental characteristics: the ability to reveal links between specimens or cases. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical strategy to obtain the elemental composition of watchcases, by analysing a selection of 35 counterfeit watches.

Potential for Heightened Sulfur-Metabolic Capacity in Coastal Subtropical Microalgae.

The activities of microalgae support nutrient cycling that helps to sustain aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most microalgal species, especially those from the subtropics, are genomically uncharacterized. Here we report the isolation and genomic characterization of 22 microalgal species from subtropical coastal regions belonging to multiple clades and three from temperate areas.

Genome-wide expression analysis offers new insights into the origin and evolution of Physcomitrella patens stress response.

Changes in the environment, such as those caused by climate change, can exert stress on plant growth, diversity and ultimately global food security. Thus, focused efforts to fully understand plant response to stress are urgently needed in order to develop strategies to cope with the effects of climate change. Because Physcomitrella patens holds a key evolutionary position bridging the gap between green algae and higher plants, and because it exhibits a well-developed stress tolerance, it is an excellent model for such exploration.

An integrative Raman microscopy-based workflow for rapid in situ analysis of microalgal lipid bodies.

Background: Oils and bioproducts extracted from cultivated algae can be used as sustainable feedstock for fuels, nutritional supplements, and other bio-based products. Discovery and isolation of new algal species and their subsequent optimization are needed to achieve economical feasibility for industrial applications. Here we describe and validate a workflow for in situ analysis of algal lipids through confocal Raman microscopy.

Complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium phlei type strain RIVM601174.

Mycobacterium phlei is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium species that is typically nonpathogenic, with few reported cases of human disease. Here we report the whole genome sequence of M. phlei type strain RIVM601174.

Thermal analysis: a further step in characterizing solid forms obtained by screening crystallization of an API.

Phase and habit selection is a very important step in the early stages of pharmaceutical development of new APIs. In this paper, we show how observation, diffraction and thermal analysis are complementary methods of solid habit and phase characterization. At the end of phase screening of an API several habits and phases can be discriminated by microscopy, XRPD or Raman spectroscopy.

[Anesthesia for cataract surgery. Result of a national survey].

Objectives: In order to evaluate the impact of recent progress in anesthesia and cataract surgery, we conducted a national survey in France to determine which techniques are used.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the most representative French ophthalmology teams: 66 teams participated in the survey.

Results: Seventy-one percent of the surgeons routinely used phacoemulsification: 91% of the anesthesists prefer locoregional anesthesia: contraindications most often involved general health status (89%).

[Spinocerebellar degeneration, optic atrophy, epilepsy, myoclonus and mitochondrial myopathy: a case report (author's transl)].

A 23-year-old man presented with a history characterized by a myoclonic syndrome developing over a period of seven years. Predominant symptoms were intention and activity myoclonus, generalized epileptic seizures occurring infrequently from the age of 20, a slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome first apparent at 19 years, and the sudden onset of loss of visual acuity at 19, which then partially regressed; optic atrophy and clinical and campimetric signs were suggestive of Leber's disease. Intellectual ability was not affected.