Efficiency, sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for Tilapia Lake virus (TiLV).

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging viral pathogen of tilapiines worldwide in wild and farmed tilapia. TiLV is an orthomyxo-like, negative sense segmented RNA virus, belonging to genus Tilapinevirus, family Amnoonviridae. Here we developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay testing primer sets targeting the 10 segments of TiLV.

Gray ( x ) and Red ( spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection.

Tilapia is the second most farmed fish species after carp in the world. However, the production has come under threat due to emerging diseases such as tilapia lake virus (TiLV) that causes massive mortalities with high economic losses. It is largely unknown whether different tilapia strains are equally susceptible to TiLV infection.

Protective immunity of a modified-live cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) 13 months after vaccination.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term protective immunity of a cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3) vaccine in naïve koi (Cyprinus carpio koi).

Animals: 72 koi. Procedures-Vaccinated koi (n = 36) and unvaccinated control koi (36) were challenge exposed to a wild-type CyHV3 strain (KHVp8 F98-50) 13 months after vaccination.

Efficacy and safety of a modified-live cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) for prevention of koi herpesvirus disease.

Objective: To investigate safety and efficacy of a cyprinid herpesvirus type 3 (CyHV3) modified-live virus vaccine for the prevention of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVd).

Animals: 420 healthy koi (Cyprinus carpio koi).

Procedures: Fish were vaccinated with a 1× dose or 10× overdose of CyHV3 modified-live virus vaccine or a placebo through bath exposure in tanks at 22°C.

Down-regulation of the cyprinid herpesvirus-3 annotated genes in cultured cells maintained at restrictive high temperature.

Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) is a member of the Alloherpesviridae, in the order Herpesvirales. It causes a fatal disease in carp and koi fish. The disease is seasonal and is active when water temperatures ranges from 18 to 28 °C.

Coordinated and sequential transcription of the cyprinid herpesvirus-3 annotated genes.

Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) is the cause of a fatal disease in carp and koi fish. The disease is seasonal and appears when water temperatures range from 18 to 28°C. CyHV-3 is a member of the Alloherpesviridae, a family in the Herpesvirales order that encompasses mammalian, avian and reptilian viruses.

Herpesviruses that infect fish.

Herpesviruses are host specific pathogens that are widespread among vertebrates. Genome sequence data demonstrate that most herpesviruses of fish and amphibians are grouped together (family Alloherpesviridae) and are distantly related to herpesviruses of reptiles, birds and mammals (family Herpesviridae). Yet, many of the biological processes of members of the order Herpesvirales are similar.

Persistence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in infected cultured carp cells.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), previously designated carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus or koi herpesvirus, is the cause of a worldwide mortal disease of koi and carp. Morphologically, the virus resembles herpesviruses, yet it bears a genome of 277 to 295 kbp, which is divergent from most of the genomic sequences available in GenBank. The disease afflicts fish in the transient seasons, when the water temperature is 18 to 28 degrees C, conditions which permit virus propagation in cultured cells.

Cyprinid herpes virus-3 (CyHV-3) bears genes of genetically distant large DNA viruses.

A large DNA virus, designated koi herpes virus (KHV), carp interstitial nephritis gill necrosis virus (CNGV) and Cyprinid herpes virus-3 (CyHV-3), causes massive mortality of carp. Morphologically, the virus resembles herpes viruses, but it contains a genome of ca 295 kbp, larger than that of any Herpesviridae member. Interestingly, three CyHV-3 genes, thymidylate monophosphate kinase (TmpK), ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase, which are involved in deoxynucleotide tri-phosphate synthesis, resemble those of pox viruses.

Characterization of a novel virus causing a lethal disease in carp and koi.

Since 1998 a lethal disease of carp and ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio) has afflicted fisheries in North America, Europe, and Asia, causing severe economic losses to the fish farming industry. This review summarizes the isolation and identification of the disease-causing agent and describes the currently known molecular characteristics of this newly isolated virus, distinguishing it from other known large DNA viruses. In addition, we summarize the clinical and histopathological manifestations of the disease.

Detection of carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus in fish droppings.

Carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus (CNGV) is an unclassified large DNA virus that morphologically resembles members of the Herpesviridae but contains a large (ca. approximately 280-kbp) linear double-stranded DNA. This virus has also been named koi herpesvirus, koi herpes-like virus, and cyprinid herpesvirus 3.

Description of an as yet unclassified DNA virus from diseased Cyprinus carpio species.

Numerous deaths of koi and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were observed on many farms throughout Israel, resulting in severe financial losses. The lethal viral disease observed is highly contagious and extremely virulent, but morbidity and mortality are restricted to koi and common carp populations. Diseased fish exhibit fatigue and gasping movements in shallow water.

Amplified detection of telomerase activity using electrochemical and quartz crystal microbalance measurements.

Telomerase is considered as an important biomarker for cancer cells. Two different methods for the amplified electrochemical and microgravimetric quartz-crystal-microbalance detection of telomerase activity originating from HeLa cancer cells are described. One method involves the telomerization of a primer (1) linked to the electrode, in the presence of telomerase from HeLa cell extract and dNTP, followed by the hybridization of a biotin-labeled nucleic acid (2) that is complementary to the telomere repeat units.

Catalytic beacons for the detection of DNA and telomerase activity.

DNA and telomerase activity are detected by a DNAzyme generated upon hybridization and opening of a functional catalytic beacon.

Amplified chemiluminescence surface detection of DNA and telomerase activity using catalytic nucleic acid labels.

A G-rich nucleic acid sequence binds hemin and yields a biocatalytic complex (DNAzyme) of peroxidase activity, namely, the biocatalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of H(2)O(2) and luminol. The DNAzyme is used as a label for the amplified detection of DNA, or for the analysis of telomerase activity in cancer cells, using chemiluminescence as an output signal. In one configuration, the analyzed DNA is hybridized with a primer nucleic acid that is associated with a Au surface, and the DNAzyme label is hybridized with the surface-confined analyte DNA.